História da África e dos africanos (Portuguese Edition)

---

History of West Africa. A Bibliographical History, vol. Oxford, Berghahn Books, pp. Th e blade weapons trade expanded early in the seventeenth century, by which time it was tied inextricably to the slave trade; weapons fi gured significantly among the goods exchanged for captives. Two centuries later, as the Casamance Two centuries later, as the Casamance entered the geopolitical orbits of France and England on the eve of the colonial period, the weapons trade again came to play a prominent role in overseas exchange with Europe.

Th is time, however, it was not blade weapons but fi rearms that were imported into Casamance.

Product description

Our chapter describes and compares the two stages in the weapons trade to the Casamance. Being both Free and Unfree. The case of selected Luso-Africans in sixteenth and seventeenth-century Western Africa: Sephardim in a Luso-African context more. There's a problem loading this menu right now. Learn more about Amazon Prime.

José da Silva Horta | Universidade de Lisboa - www.farmersmarketmusic.com

Get fast, free shipping with Amazon Prime. Get to Know Us.

Product details

English Choose a language for shopping. Explore the Home Gift Guide. Amazon Music Stream millions of songs.

Futebolista Africano do Ano

Amazon Advertising Find, attract, and engage customers. Amazon Drive Cloud storage from Amazon. As noted by the botanist Joseph Burtt-Davy There is also much barly, called Mazza di Congo, that is, graine of Congo, and also great quantitie of Maiz, that is, Turkishe wheate, which is there but little esteemed, and by their country people called Mazza Mamprito, that is, graine of Portingale, where with they fatten their hogges: In his aforementioned book about the Capuchins in the Congo, the chronicler Pellicer-de Tovar Y de esto hay mucha cantidad.

The existence of American grain in the Congo soon becomes a manual concept, although older sources are copied and, probably, they were more rigorous. The Capuchin missionary Girolamo Merolla-da Sorrento, who developed his evangelical work in the Congo between and —after an initial stay in Brazil until he could sail for Africa—, unsuccessfully opposed the slave trade, suffered persecution for their missionary zeal and ended up moving away contrite from the black continent because of health reasons; he left us an interesting testimony, which was published in Tuscany in and then translated into other languages.

Therefore, being an eye witness, Merolla-da Sorrento And immediately after he adds more accurately a series of data about cereals grown in the Congolese region, which is interesting because it allows to prove once again the plant exchanges between the two sides of the Atlantic, largely related to the infamous commercial link created by the slave trade: For his part, the Jesuit Alonso de Sandoval — published in in Seville an interesting treatise against slavery, in which book I, chap.

Further on Book I, chap.

The Capuchin Father Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi-da Montecuccolo — also referred to this wide region of continental Africa in the lower Guinea, as it was called at that time. He left us interesting testimonies about the introduction of maize by the Lusitanian: And, for his part, Henrico Cosmio-Anglo Utriusque farina, furfuribus cribo pollinario exemptis, candida est. Henry Hamilton Johnston — , a British scholar and colonizer, said for his part: And, likewise, it is essential the exhaustive study of A.

Warman ; it deals with the worldwide diffusion of the cereal. In our opinion, it could take place a two-way penetration: Maize was introduced from the Americas by two routes. The hard maize varieties of Central America came via the Mediterranean countries, the Nile valley and Bornu; the soft maize varieties were probably brought directly from Peru and Brazil by the Portuguese.

The reception, acclimatisation, adaptation and cultivation of a plant is a complex process which may require more or less time depending on the historical and, of course, environmental circumstances. Although with the passing of years the plant is so integrated into the culture of the recipient that it seems incredible that it might not have been native.

Speaking about Quiloa Kilwa Kisiwani, which nowadays belongs to Tanzania , the aforementioned Sanuto emphasized its productions and, in particular, those of the durum wheat and other cereals: On the shores bathed by the Indian Ocean we find, in short, the quasi-mythical Kingdom of Mutapa Mwene Mutapa , which was located in South Africa and had great interest because it was an enclave on the route to the East, because of the gold traffic and subsequently due to the slave trade; it enjoyed a flourishing stage between the mid-fifteenth century and the third decade of the seventeenth century.

It included the territory of present Zimbabwe and much of the territory central and southern of Mozambique. And was brought to Delagoa Bay in Mozambique by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century had spread erratically but steadily from southern and Central Africa to the northern grasslands of the continent.

They come to be present at such entertainment those great and gentlemen resident in the Court. Finished it, he orders to bring him a pot of cooked maize in grain, and pouring it around the room tells them to eat, because maize grows in the earth, and he is the lord of it. There is also flattering because they all come down to get who picks more, knowing that this one pleases him more, and when they have caught it they eat it more willingly then if it was fine jam Faria e Sousa, , II: In the Chicova Fort, about a hundred leagues from Sena in the region of Mozambique , died the soldiers victims of an epidemic that was related to the excessive heat.

Faria e Sousa also placed maize on the beautiful and quasi deserted main island of the Socotra archipelago, located near the Horn of Africa and belonging to Yemen today. On this matter he had noted: Some of these recent testimonies relating to East Africa immerse us in the doubt of whether we are actually referring to maize or to other cereal most common and traditional in the area; but, as we will discuss below, this confusion is also perceived in other distinguished countries of the African continent, as it happens in particular with the mythical kingdom of Ethiopia.

Maize, indeed, will be listed as a cereal commonly consumed in places where, at first, it does not seem to be sufficiently widespread, at least in the proportions that are proposed for the years — and in direct competition with other grains of deep tradition in the area. This seems to be the case of Ethiopia, which we will try to examine next.

However, we cannot absolutely reject the existence in such dates of an emerging growing of maize in Ethiopian territory, where, as we will soon see, the plant soon adapts and achieves an important development that survives today. After the failure of a first embassy that left for Ethiopia in the time of John II of Portugal, since the only survivor Pedro de Covilhan was retained in the country and not allowed to return to Europe, in King Manuel I sent a second delegation.

The return of the retinue began in April and arrived in Lisbon in mid Herrero-Massari, The wonder of the travel and of the fabulous discovery, in short, seems to survive over the ruins of the ancient legendary tale. If it were not enough, the remote Judeo-Christian history of Ethiopia, that is to say, its legendary past in relation to the Queen of Sheba and Solomon and, already in the early days of our era, the process of its evangelization through the royal officer baptized by the apostle Philip, naturally add new legendary elements to this unique country which, except the brief occupation of Italy — around World War II, did not directly suffered the vicissitudes of European colonialism.

Besides adding an introduction that, he said, he had missed in the work of Lusitanian, he also suppressed the references to the chapters, he introduced some Canary words such as sereta handbag made of plaited palm , gofio roasted flour or pampillo Argyranthemum , and, finally, he took some interpretative liberties more or less in line with the typical translation methods of the time. In the present context we can think that if Padilla associated so strongly the maize to Portugal or, rather, to a Portuguese author, is because at the time he lived or should live in the country, he noticed the remarkable development of the plant which, under the name of millo milho , as it was called precisely in his agnatic land, already constituted a food of great interest for consumption, both for livestock as it was the case with other cereals and traditional grains in Europe and, of course, for the people, particularly in those areas where the crop successfully replaced other grains less suitable to the arable land.

For this we will present, firstly, the Portuguese texts in italics and then the Castilian version, respecting the spelling of the time, and the pages with the indication recto r and verso v:. El pan es de mayz, y ceuada, y de otra semilla que ello[s] llaman tafo. A los nouicios dan entre dos, tres panes, y son tales, que cierto es de espantar como se pueden mantener. At this point, the reference to taffo, tafo or tefo is noteworthy; i. This excerpt is especially important and different specialists have drawn attention to it.

And Beckingham and Huntingford , I: Este lugar se chama ho Acel: This reference to roasted flour by Padilla and not to mention to maize in general has its history and its consequences. With this, as it can be seen, he chose to convert gofio into sponge cake before worrying about giving a more plausible explanation, since it was a food specifically from the Canary Islands, although of African origin in general, and North African in particular, which, undoubtedly, Padilla knew perfectly, in the same way that his peninsular colleagues ignored it.

In relation with this work it can be said, with respect to our topic, that the confusion among millet, sorghum and maize instead of decrease it rather tends to increase. We will see this more clearly in the following example:.

Product details

• Violin Sonata No. 3, Movement 1 - Piano Score
• Meine erotische Bibliothek - Sammelband 7 (German Edition)
• Puli Training Secrets
• The Forgotten Writings of Bram Stoker
• Twelve Weeks: An Artists Story of Cancer, Healing, and Hope
• Cartas literarias a una mujer (Spanish Edition)
• Telling Teddy (Dear Teddy A Journal Of A Boy Book 2)