Romance: Thirty by Epigramman

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This is, however, not to say that it carries no metapoetic message. Men with knowledge of the stars claim that I am to die shortly. There is a single way down to Hades, common to all. If mine is quicker, then I will get to see Minos all the more quickly. For it is true that wine is a horse on the road to Hades, while those going on foot must take a narrow path. The equation of wine with a horse in all likelihood goes back to the comic playwright Cratinus, whom the Hellenistic epigrammatist Nikainetos quotes as having said: Once again, I doubt with Argentieri that a serious poetological message lurks behind these lines.

Down to Philip , Leiden, Brill, , p. Bing, The Well-Read Muse. Over the past few decades, scholarship has come to a much better understanding of this literary phenomenon and has increasingly turned its attention to explicitly imitative texts. Whitmarsh, Greek Literature and the Roman Empire. But while Camillus, on a first reading, might appear to be familiar with the kleos of Roman maiores or epic heroes, he turns out to be a knowledgeable reader of epigram!

Whitmarsh, Beyond the Second Sophistic. Tecniche della comunicazione letteraria nel mondo antico , Naples, M. Romulus ac parens patriae conditorque alter urbis haud uanis laudibus appellabatur. Pelliccio well puts it: Radinger, Meleagros von Gadara: Eine litterargeschichtliche Skizze , Innsbruck, Wagner, , p. Studien zum antiken Epigramm , Munich, W.

On the phenomenon of epigrammata longa , cf. They observe the same pattern for poets whose inclusion in the Garland is uncertain: Perspectives on an Epigram Collection attributed to Posidippus P. In fact, there is a higher quantity of six-line poems in Philip than in Meleager, where the four-line format prevails Pelliccio has calculated the average length of Philippan epigrams as 5. Two further programmatic statements concerning epigrammatic brevity are given by two non-Philippan epigrammatists cf.

Page, Further Greek Epigrams.

Bing has pointed out to me, these two epigrams may represent a further step towards ever increasing brevity, self-consciously developing the trend started by Meleager and going on in Philip. The repetition of traditional, well-known material appears thus connected with longwindedness. For proposed supplements, cf. For an overview of the extensive scholarly discussion, cf. For possible Epicurean undertones of item p.

A group of poems is related to hunting ; 68 is on fowling. Anderson's Hunting in the Ancient World Berkeley helps visualize some scenes, such as hounds coursing hare item 92 or fowlers with lime-rods and nets item For the power and speed of the wild ass poems 97 and , see also Arr. Boar-hunting, to which 93 refers, is extensively described by Xenophon cyn.

Numeri con testo integrale

Let me conclude with one of my favorite trifles: What kind of fruit the Cydonea mala quinces from Crete of item 24 are, has been the object of much debate; one may consult S. The same Mrs Beeton I assume recurs p. Finally, while the Elder Pliny recommends using urine to heal wounds inflicted by sea-urchins, we learn p. Commentaries other than on Martial are referred to suo loco , with the exception of Nisbet-Hubbard on Horace's Odes. Finally, the index pp. For the sake of systematization, L. The reader may find some entries too unwieldy and, thus, a little unsystematic: The entry 'Martial' certainly is over-packed, too: As usual with Duckworth, the book is extremely well produced: As for the layout of the introduction, I still think footnotes are preferable over endnotes, and in the commentary section, one could have included item numbers in the running header.

Where there are competing interpretive attempts in previous scholarship, L. On the other hand, the collection we are dealing with is a highly sophisticated and complex product of literature, some aspects of which L. At any rate, this book certainly is a stepping-stone for future work on this challenging corpus of epigrams. Nauta's exhaustive study on patronage in the age of Domitian: Poetry for Patrons , Leiden Mnemos. Instructive is Nauta [n. Scherf's chapter on the Xenia pp. Suffice it to refer to D. Fowler, MD 22 , pp. Martial's statement at 7. There is a recent study on Martial's metrics by R.

The differences in punctuation between L. In Book XIII, the most noteworthy instance is the lemma of item 72, where, to judge from the apparatus, Phasiani in the Teubner is an odd typo that he corrects in the Loeb, where he introduces yet a different error: Phasinae ; see L. Those unhappy few who still believe in such variants in Martial are referred to the formidable study by W.

Schmid, "Textdepravationen in den Epigrammen Martials", in: For more details on the sectioning of Martial's 'wine-list', see Scherf [n. Admittedly, Fearnley's dissertation is hard to get a hold of. Pecere, "La tradizione dei testi latini [ That this is indeed a programmatic feature of Martial's poetics can be deduced from the fact that he employs this technique right in the proemial section of the first book 1. Lorenz, Erotik und Panegyrik.

More evidence of Martial's debt to Ovid's exile poetry is assembled in R. Pitcher's piece in my Toto nots in orbe , pp. In my commentary on Martial VI, p. The close relation between Martial and Lucan's widow is well known; further research as to Lucan's impact on the epigrammatist would definitely be rewarding.

The ancients are anything but unanimous about this; see F. Grewing, in Toto notus in orbe , p.

Bryn Mawr Classical Review Text with introduction and commentary. Reviewed by Farouk F. Grewing, Harvard University grewing fas. Books Available for Review. Since SB in his Teubner quite frequently by using an asterisk refers the reader to Heraeus' apparatus for further help, which makes his edition inconvenient to work with, it was a good decision of L.

A good example is Howell, justly defends SB's decision p. Pudens' toy-boy, to whom he sends gifts, is called dominus , which as elsewhere in Martial appears to invert intentionally the well-known servitium amoris of elegy.

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Other textual discussions include 10 tit. As the Xenia are often hard to understand, the text has undergone a considerable amount of attempts by Humanists and later scholars to improve it: At the same time, many conjectures turned out to be unnecessary or simply wrong. Heinsius in particular, to whom our text of Martial as a whole owes a lot, rather aggressively healed where there was often no need to heal, and it is handy to have L.

The English translations are printed with each item's commentary, that is, separately from the Latin. Indeed, translating Martial is particularly burdensome, at times even impossible. I quite like L. Now I will consider him - a cock! Most differences between L.

The apyrina , pomegranates items 42 and 43 , by their name seem to suggest that they are 'seedless' so L. In contrast, see Seneca, epist. The commentary on the individual poems exhibits the standard format. Needless to say, it abounds in 'Realien' of almost every kind. This also includes accurate elucidation of the few proper names of the poet's friends or acquaintances addressees and other personae.

I may add one further observation: Ovidius for whom see p. Moreover, their mention seems to also function as a structural device within the 'wine section' as and serve as a frame for the sub-section that deals with inferior brands. With some refinement, L. I strongly object to this assumption: Fearnley Reading Martial's Rome , diss. This brings up another related issue: Unlike the tituli of items , the headings of -- note: Intertextuality in the Xenia is more momentous than most scholars usually concede see already above, on item and Hor.

I am positive, e. Intertextuality with inscriptional material, anyway, seems particularly appropriate for the Xenia.

Implicitly, this comic inversion makes fun of Vergil, who is the representative of epic poetry, which is precisely one of the genres Martial elsewhere takes issue with. A similar example, not mentioned by L. Potabis liquidum Signina morantia ventrem? The second pentameter half recalls the common formula found all too often on gravestones, sit tibi terra levis.

Taking into account the fact that wine from Signia according to Pliny nat. The same is true of 6. Some might, with L. There seems to be a lot more influence of Lucan over Martial than scholars have so far acknowledged. Of Ovid Martial is particularly fond anyway see here, n.

Are we to assume that Martial thus gives his 'catalogue poems' a Saturnalian-like would-be encyclopedic touch? We may recall the opening poem of Martial's favorite model, Catullus, who contrasts his nugae with the 'Chronica' of Nepos, to whom he dedicated his collection c. Often, what looks like a mere verbal echo, at a second glance reveals itself as being a far-reaching and complex intertextual reference. Traces of the book's 'dedicatory nature' see above manifest themselves in the formulaic use of accipe and similar pp. Imperatives like these are a means of communication, as is aspice in item 58, where L.

In this context Martial's use of deictic pronouns especially at the very beginning of a poem's first line deserves attention Furthermore, the frequent personification of otherwise inanimate objects such as the cheese and sausages of items 33 and 35 and animals like dormice and woodcocks in 59 and 76 is a phenomenon that L. The reverse case objects being addressed is rarely found: Finally, quite a few poems contain, or consist of, questions see L. Often this dialogic feature is combined with the use of deictic reference to a first or second person 'I, we, you' , so in items 14, 43, 49, 58, 71,

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