Sienna - Tome 2 - tome 2 (French Edition)

CHETVILLE Denis

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He was one of the cardinals absolutely excluded from consideration as pope as far as the Austrian government was concerned. Caprara was particularly interested in that treaty, since it had surrendered the Three Legations of the Papal States, including Caprara's native Bologna, to the French. Hrzan replied that the Legations had been detached from the Papal States by a solemn treaty which had been signed by the Pope, and that they had been conquered by Austrian troops from the Cisalpine Republic.

Conquest was a more solid claim. Hrzan speculated that the new pope would place little confidence in them.

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Maria della Grazie in Bologna was paid. Pius was therefore sent by sea to Ancona. Pius himself, however, assured the Austrian diplomat Filippo Ghislieri that he had never thought seriously about naming Caprara to the vacant See of Bologna. During the voyage from Venice to Ancona, Caprara expected to be named Administrator of the diocese of Ancona, expecting to be then named Bishop. The Pope appeared to be somewhat disposed to favor the prospect, which was certain enough by 24 July that Caprara went to Jesi to take possession of his diocese.

Napoleon's choice fell upon Cardinal Caprara; he may have expected in this way little or no opposition to his plans. In Caprara's instructions there were two principal points. The first concerned the position of the Constitutional bishops, many of whom were supporters of the First Consul. This presented grave spiritual and canonical problems for Pius VII, since the bishops were heretics and schismatics, and it would be impossible to appoint them to diocesan posts without a full confession of guilt, as well as retractation of their oaths to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and submission to the judgment of the Pope.

Caprara was to try to get Bonaparte to refrain from nominating a right guaranteed in the new Concordat any of the Constitutional bishops.

Napoleon had no intention of complying with the Pope's demands. The second principal point had to do with the restoration of territories of the Papal States which had been seized by the French armies during the wars in Italy. These included the Three Legations, which Napoleon intended to form a major part of his Italian Republic. On 15 March Bonaparte issued instructions to Portalis concerning the publication of the Concordat, and remarked that 50 bishops had to be named, 18 legitimate bishops living in France and twelve from the Constitutional clergy; of the 20 remaining, half would be Constitutionals.

Five days later, realizing the number would be insufficient, he raised the number of 50 to 60 fifty bishops and ten archbishops. He made his choices from the list supplied by Portalis. Caprara heard of the list of nominees on 30 March, and was horrified to see that it contained the names of 10 Constitutional bishops, despite the apparent agreement of Bonaparte not to name any Constitutional bishops.

On 10 April Caprara insisted that these ten reject their errors, and he was supplied by Bonaparte's officials, Portalis and Bernier, with a letter signed by the ten bishops in which they renounced the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Caprara took this as sufficient evidence of repentance, provided that they publicly confess their errors in the presence of Bernier and Pancemont.

They informed Caprara that the conditions had been met, and on 17 April Caprara instituted the ten bishops. Next day Bernier and Pancemont denied the truth of the repentance, but it was Easter Day and the day of reconciliation, and the day on which two episcopal consecrations were to take place. Caprara had been deceived and managed, and the Vatican subsequently strongly criticized his actions.

Sienna's Village Aparthotel (Condo Hotel), São Tomé (São Tomé and Príncipe) Deals

The Concordat was officially approved by votes of the Tribunate and the Legislative Assembly on 8 April At the same time and in the same bodies, Napoleon had articles, called the Organic Articles, approved as laws of the French State. These articles had not been approved by the Papacy, and had not even been shown in their entirety to the Legate Caprara, before their passage.

They were regarded by the French as amplifying the Concordat, though a number of them in fact contradicted it. The Pope had been tricked and circumvented. Cardinal Caprara officiated at the Solemn restoration of public worship in the cathedral of Notre-Dame on Easter Day 18 April , at which function the First Consul, the high officers of state, and the new ecclesiastical dignitaries assisted.

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After the reading of the gospel of the day, twenty-seven bishops who were present knelt at the feet of Bonaparte and took a solemn oath of allegiance to the government and the French Republic. On 5 May Cardinal Consalvi, the Papal Secretary of State, wrote to Caprara, demanding explanations about the Constitutional bishops, and about the ceremonies of 18 April, pointing out that the Pope's position had been and was that the Constitutional bishops should have had no part in them.

He also pointed out that all the newspapers, particularly those in German territory, were referring to the Organic Articles as though they were part of the Concordat. On 27 May Pius VII wrote Bonaparte a letter, begging him to modify the Organic Articles , Napoleon's own supplement to the Concordat, along lines suggested by the papal government.

Napoleon's obstinacy was one of the principal reasons Pius decided to make his visit to Paris for the coronation of the emperor in The Church has received from God alone the authorization to decide questions of the doctrine of the faith or of the regulation of morals, and to make canons or rules of discipline.

Caprara however retained his position as papal Legate in France until his death, and continued to reside in Paris. He visited Milan only once, from 2 April to 26 July , for the ceremonies of the Coronation of the Emperor Napoleon as King of Italy in the Cathedral of Milan , which took place on 26 May It was the Cardinal's privilege to bless the Iron Crown of Lombardy which Napoleon then placed on his own head.

In , Cardinal Caprara caused considerable consternation and offense when he authorized the publication of the Catechism of the French Empire. Among other things, Lesson 7 of Part I of the document mentioned Napoleon I by name and urged the faithful to do their duty to him, "firstly, because God He has become the anointed of the Lord by the consecration he has received from the Sovereign Pontiff, head of the universal church. Caprara lived in Paris until his death. Relations between Napoleon and the Papal States became more and more difficult, especially with the implementation of the continental blockade against England, which Pius VII refused to sanction or participate in.

Caprara's desire to please Napoleon brought increasing dissatisfaction on the part of the Pope and the Secretary of State Cardinal Ercole Consalvi. On 10 June , in the Bull Quum memoranda , Pius VII excommunicated "all those who after the invasion of Rome and the ecclesiastical territory, and the sacrilegious violation of St. Peter's Patrimony by French troops, have committed either at Rome in the States of the Church, against ecclesiastical immunities, and against the simple temporal rights of the Church and Holy See, either all or any of the outrages which have provoked our complaints; all authors, promoters, counsellors, or adherents of similar doings; all those, finally, who have contributed to facilitate the realization of these violent acts or have accompliehed them.

On 5 July Pope Pius was arrested. Caprara died at Paris on 21 June In his last will his fortune was left to the hospital of Milan. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the volleyball coach, see Giovanni Caprara volleyball. Propositiones philosophicae quas sanctissimo domino nostro Benedicto Baptista Abbas Caprara patricius Bononiensis Collegii Nazareni convictor data cuilibet singulas impugnandi facultate in Latin.

Typographia Zempeliana prope Montem Jordanum.

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Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi VI Caprara held all three, in order of their importance. The editors owe an answer to this question.

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Nevertheless, the term general council should be clearly distinguished from the term ecumenical used in the first volume. The reviewer has treated this problem at length. In particular, these two synods should not be considered Latin! Surely it has been claimed at times that it acted as a general council. Consequently, neither the Photian synods nor the Pisan Council of found a place in the previous editions of the COD. The [End Page Project MUSE promotes the creation and dissemination of essential humanities and social science resources through collaboration with libraries, publishers, and scholars worldwide.

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The Catholic Historical Review. In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: A New Edition of the Medieval Councils.

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