Mulher do Tempo (Portuguese Edition)

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“God was the first anaesthetist”: obstetrics and pain in Lisbon at the turn of the 20th century

Although the appearance of narcotic gases did not in itself change the scenery of experience, it did allow the protagonists to interpret a different comedy. The surgeon no longer behaved like executioner, but like a gentleman. While some parturients reacted immediately, losing consciousness, others alternated between excitement and stupor; the majority presented a state of drowsiness occasionally interrupted by apparent expressions of alertness, coinciding with uterine contractions. Could this be a case of what Magendie complained about?

Coutinho, however, ruled out any possible association between childbirth whether painful or not and sexual pleasure: Analysing the effects that the cries of labouring women have on hospital attendants, historian Jaqueline Wolf describes how, in several interviews she conducted, women who experienced birth without medication reported that the transition period 29 is the most painful part to sustain, whereas the second stage of labour — birthing — was mostly described in terms of effort, of hard work , even joyful, and it was often sustained by cries.

While obstetricians did not falter in their conviction that they were working for the suppression of this potential trauma, they also questioned the necessity of pain and the ambiguity of childbirth being the only painful physiological act. The imposition of anaesthesia upon childbirth pain thereby signalled the power of obstetrics over nature, based on an ethics of compassion.

Treat You Better (tradução)

Now obstetricians could govern the uterus by controlling the pain expressed through it. In the process of the development of a modern, technical lexicon around birth, pain gained the ontological status of a disembodied phenomenon which, causing trauma, needed to be acted upon. While the force that moves people to deal with these problems may be conceptualized as purely somatic […] the emotion idiom is often the central one. With an eye on the contemporary biomedical understanding of childbirth pain in Portugal that advocates for broader national coverage of pharmacological practices in labour management, I have delved into the history of obstetrics in Lisbon to uncover how childbirth pain came to be constituted as a subject of clinical and political interest.

My general aim was to discover what ideas of pain were produced and circulated at that specific socio-historical juncture, and how they mobilized obstetric agency.

The archival research described has allowed me to unfold the local, historical process in which a new biomedical understanding of childbirth pain as a physical phenomenon was produced, in the mist of an international biomedical debate on childbirth that encompassed moral dilemmas, heuristic doubts and national professional interests.

To create a comparative analysis, in the first section I analysed the understanding of childbirth pain traditionally reproduced within traditional midwifery-led homebirths and conveyed through popular proverbs. Pain was managed through practices that, while focused on hastening labour moving, squatting, massaging, chanting , also had a cathartic or liberating function aimed at pain endurance. In comparison, the emergence of anaesthesia and its incorporation within obstetrical practice was founded on the control and management of the disordered labouring body.

Full text issues

The new epistemology of obstetrics which ensued reveals complex relations of power: As obstetricians reassessed their competences in the delivery room, they expanded their domain into non-pathological parturition. Francisco de Almeida Portugal , vol.

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Coimbra, Imprensa da Universidade. Milan, Feltrinelli Editore, From Prayer to Painkillers.

Passa-culpas e antevisão de ano difícil em Quelimane

Oxford, Oxford University Press. Porto, Editora da Universidade do Porto.

Yale, Yale University Press. Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews. Luther, Huck Gutman and Patrick H.

A Seminar with Michel Foucault. Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, Freire, Amor e Sexo no tempo de Salazar. Lisbon, A Esfera dos Livros, Lisbon, Universidade de Lisboa.

Portuguese proverbs

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