Child Migration in Africa (Africa Now)

Child Migration in Africa

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Africa's World Trade Margaret C.

Child Migration in Africa Iman Hashim. Displacement Economies in Africa Amanda Hammar.

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Review quote 'This well-written research-based text offers fascinating insights into the complexities of children's migrant experiences in West Africa. Based on ethnographic research in the rural sending communities as well as interviews at the migrant destinations, Hashim and Thorsen use in-depth empirical examples in order to place children's accounts at the centre of their analysis.

A timely, comprehensive and engaging book which illuminates the diversity and challenges of understanding processes of children's migration. Original, intelligent and accessible, it adds significantly to current academic and policy debate on childhood, migration and mobility. This study is an important early contribution in the nascent literature aimed at understanding independent child migration. It provides voice to independent child migrants in West Africa. The diversity of experiences is thought-provoking. This impressive work will serve as a foundation for further research that examines the extent to which these narrative accounts generalize beyond the voices found by these authors.

So responsible and determined, these "young youths" strive to achieve essential elements of well-being, such as health, education and economic security. Children's decisions to migrate are placed in context with a rigorous method of investigation and the result is a vivid portrait of people's lives within households and villages of Burkina Faso and Ghana. She also has worked for national and international non-governmental organisations as a programme and a research officer.

Book ratings by Goodreads. However, compared with the U. Some origin countries of these sub-Saharan migrant populations in the U. For example, between and , the total number of Somalian migrants in Europe increased by 80, people. Over the same period, the total population of Eritreans living in Europe climbed by about 40,, according to UN estimates. Between February and April , Pew Research Center surveyed in six of the 10 countries that have supplied many of the sub-Saharan immigrants now living in the U. Four of these countries — Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana and Kenya — are also among the top 10 origin countries for sub-Saharan migrants to Europe.

The survey asked respondents whether they would go to live in another country, if they had the means and opportunity. The relatively high shares of people in these countries who say they would resettle in another country is generally consistent with findings from other surveys, like Afrobarometer in Nigeria and Ghana , that pose questions about the desirability of migrating. Compared with other world regions, Gallup polls find that sub-Saharan countries have some of the highest shares of people who say they would move to another country.

Multiple factors could be at play. To begin with, while many sub-Saharan African economies are growing , many countries continue to have high unemployment rates and relatively low wage rates. In addition, the job market looks unlikely to improve anytime soon, thanks to high fertility levels that will mean even more people competing for jobs.

Against this backdrop, sub-Saharan Africans could see migrating to countries with more — and better paying — jobs as a means of improving their personal economic prospects. Political instability and conflict are other factors pushing sub-Saharan Africans to move.

Pagination

For example, the number of sub-Saharans displaced within their own country nearly doubled to 9 million between and , according to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR estimates. Also, the total number of refugees from sub-Saharan countries living in other sub-Saharan countries grew about 2. At the same time, reports indicate that anywhere between , and a million sub-Saharan Africans are in Libya; some of them have been sold as slaves or are being held in jail-like facilities.

Pressures related to economic well-being and insecurity may help to explain why, beyond a general willingness to migrate, substantial shares of sub-Saharan Africans say they actually plan to move to another country in the next five years.

Will all those with plans to migrate in fact leave their home countries in the next five years? If recent history is a guide, the answer would most likely be no. But data from official sources suggest that this will not be for lack of effort.

Although the lottery only requires an online application and the completion of a high school diploma for eligibility, the high number of applicants underscores the seriousness with which many sub-Saharan Africans contemplate and actively pursue migrating abroad. But this does not necessarily mean Europe is the top choice of potential sub-Saharan African migrants. In fact, in several of the countries surveyed by Pew Research Center, those planning to migrate more often cited the U.

The survey did not ask respondents why they preferred the U. People planning to migrate in the next five years tended to identify destinations where they already had friends or family.

This finding is generally consistent with studies showing that personal connections influence the decision and likelihood of migrating. Higher shares of adults in Senegal and South Africa say they have friends or relatives they stay in touch with regularly in Europe than say this about friends or relatives in the U.

Table of Contents

In Kenya, a higher share of people have contacts in the United States. For a complete list, see Appendix B. Migrants includes people moving across international borders for any reason, including economic or educational pursuits, family unification, or flight from conflict, which can apply to refugees and asylum seekers. Europe is used in this report as a shorthand for the 28 nation-states that form the European Union EU , as well as Norway and Switzerland, for a total of 30 countries. The terms asylum seekers , and asylum applicants are used interchangeably throughout this report and refer to individuals who have applied for asylum in a European country after reaching Europe.

Child migrants in Africa

All family members, whether male or female, children or adults, file individual applications for asylum. Reported figures in this report are first-time asylum applicants with counts of withdrawn applications removed. Most are immigrants sponsored by family members, either as immediate relatives of U. Refugees denotes the group of people fleeing conflict to a nearby country. Resettled refugees are refugees often living in a neighboring country , who are processed and approved for resettlement.

They later move to countries like the United States or those in Europe.

The increase between and in the number of sub-Saharan African migrants living in the U. Most of the latter increase, which is nearly 5 million migrants, is due to refugees fleeing to other sub-Saharan African countries.

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