Kleine Theorie des Literarischen Bloggens (German Edition)

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Homopteren von Java, gesammelt von Herrn Edw. Between November and November a swarm of small earthquakes local magnitude foreshock sequences, such as tight clustering of hypocenters and time-dependent rotations of stress axes inferred from focal mechanisms. However, because of our present lack of understanding of the processes that precede earthquake faulting, the implications of the swarm for future large earthquakes on the San Andreas fault are unknown. Koht ja paik ; 7.

Mantle strength of the San Andreas fault system and the role of mantle-crust feedbacks. In lithospheric-scale strike-slip fault zones, upper crustal strength is well constrained from borehole observations and fault rock deformation experiments, but mantle strength is less well known. Using peridotite xenoliths, we show that the upper mantle below the San Andreas fault system.

Implications for Fault Machanics. Two monuments from an survey that spans the San Andreas fault in the Carrizo Plain have been displaced Neotectonics of the San Andreas Fault system, basin and range province juncture. The development, active processes, and tectonic interplay of the southern San Andreas fault system and the basin and range province were studied. The study consist of data acquisition and evaluation, technique development, and image interpretation and mapping. Potentially significant geologic findings are discussed.

Frictional strength and heat flow of southern San Andreas Fault. Frictional strength and heat flow of faults are two related subjects in geophysics and seismology. To date, the investigation on regional frictional strength and heat flow still stays at the stage of qualitative estimation. Based on the in situ borehole measured stress data, using the method of 3D dynamic faulting analysis, we quantitatively determine the regional normal stress, shear stress, and friction coefficient at various seismogenic depths. These new data indicate that the southern SAF is a weak fault within the depth of 15 km.

As depth increases, all the regional normal and shear stresses and friction coefficient increase. The former two increase faster than the latter. Regional shear stress increment per kilometer equals 5. As depth increases, regional friction coefficient increment per kilometer decreases rapidly from 0. Previously, frictional strength could be qualitatively determined by heat flow measurements. It is difficult to obtain the quantitative heat flow data for the SAF because the measured heat flow data exhibit large scatter. However, our quantitative results of frictional strength can be employed to investigate the heat flow in the southern SAF.

We use a physical quantity P f to describe heat flow. It represents the dissipative friction heat power per unit area generated by the relative motion of two tectonic plates accommodated by off-fault deformation. P f is called "fault friction heat. The prominent linear feature straight down the center of this perspective view is the San Andreas Fault. This segment of the fault lies near the city of Palmdale, California the flat area in the right half of the image about 60 kilometers 37 miles north of Los Angeles.

The Lake Palmdale Reservoir, approximately 1. Highway 14 is the prominent linear feature starting at the lower left edge of the image and continuing along the far side of the reservoir. The patterns of residential and agricultural development around Palmdale are seen in the Landsat imagery in the right half of the image. SRTM topographic data will be used by geologists studying fault dynamics and landforms resulting from active tectonics. Talc-bearing serpentinite and the creeping section of the San Andreas fault.

The section of the San Andreas fault located between Cholame Valley and San Juan Bautista in central California creeps at a rate as high as 28 mm yr -1 ref. Serpentinized ultramafic rocks have been associated with creeping faults in central and northern California, and serpentinite is commonly invoked as the cause of the creep and the low strength of this section of the San Andreas fault. However, the frictional strengths of serpentine minerals are too high to satisfy the limitations on fault strength, and these minerals also have the potential for unstable slip under some conditions.

Here we report the discovery of talc in cuttings of serpentinite collected from the probable active trace of the San Andreas fault that was intersected during drilling of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth SAFOD main hole in We infer that the talc is forming as a result of the reaction of serpentine minerals with silica-saturated hydrothermal fluids that migrate up the fault zone, and the talc commonly occurs in sheared serpentinite. This discovery is significant, as the frictional strength of talc at elevated temperatures is sufficiently low to meet the constraints on the shear strength of the fault, and its inherently stable sliding behaviour is consistent with fault creep.

Talc may therefore provide the connection between serpentinite and creep in the San Andreas fault, if shear at depth can become localized along a talc-rich principal-slip surface within serpentinite entrained in the fault zone. Properties of von Neumann entropy. To do so, we partition the total Hilbert space into momentum and spin subspaces so that the ELSTs of all sizes can cause irreversible hearing loss which can, however, be prevented through early diagnosis and treatment.

We aim to emphasize the ch Eesti kunstimuuseum, Kadrioru kunstimuuseum. Habitat information in the region on the underwater San Andreas Fault - Topic: Exploring the Undersea San Andreas Fault: Earthquake geology and paleoseismology of major strands of the San Andreas fault system: The San Andreas fault system in California is one of the best-studied faults in the world, both in terms of the long-term geologic history and paleoseismic study of past surface ruptures.

In this paper, we focus on the Quaternary to historic data that have been collected from the major strands of the San Andreas fault system, both on the San Andreas Fault itself, and the major subparallel strands that comprise the plate boundary, including the Calaveras-Hayward- Rogers Creek-Maacama fault zone and the Concord-Green Valley-Bartlett Springs fault zone in northern California, and the San Jacinto and Elsinore faults in southern California.

The average recurrence interval for surface-rupturing earthquakes along individual elements of the San Andreas fault system range from years and is consistent with slip rate at those sites: Shock, diaschisis and von Monakow. Full Text Available The concept of shock apparently emerged in the middle of the 18th century Whyett as an occurrence observed experimentally after spinal cord transection, and identified as "shock" phenomenon one century later Hall.

The term "diaschisis" von Monakow, proposed as a new modality of shock, had its concept broadened, underpinned by observations of patients, aiming at distinguishing between symptoms of focal brain lesions and transitory effects they produced, attributable to depression of distant parts of the brain connected to the injured area.

Presently, diaschisis is related mainly to cerebrovascular lesions and classified according to the connection fibers involved, as proposed by von Monakow. Depression of metabolism and blood flow in regions anatomically separated, but related by connections with the lesion, allows observing diaschisis with neuroimaging.

Full Text Available Von Hippel—Lindau VHL disease is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited multisystem disorder characterised by the development of a variety of benign and malignant tumours. We report a case of VHL disease that was inherited by a daughter from her father, who both presented at a young age with progressive headache and were found to have a posterior fossa haemangioblastoma HB on magnetic resonance imaging MRI.

Multiple benign pancreatic and renal cysts were also noted in both patients. Microfinance als Geflecht von Anreizproblemen. Moose von Inselbergen in Benin. Acht Leber- und zehn Laubmoosarten werden von Inselbergen aus Benin angegeben. Eight liverworts and ten mosses are reported from inselber Loading of the San Andreas fault by flood-induced rupture of faults beneath the Salton Sea. Large strike-slip faults are often segmented by lateral stepover zones. Movement on smaller faults within a stepover zone could perturb the main fault segments and potentially trigger a large earthquake.

The southern San Andreas fault terminates in an extensional stepover zone beneath the Salton Sea—a lake that has experienced periodic flooding and desiccation since the late Holocene. Here we reconstruct the magnitude and timing of fault activity beneath the Salton Sea over several earthquake cycles. We observe coincident timing between flooding events, stepover fault displacement and ruptures on the San Andreas fault.

Using Coulomb stress models, we show that the combined effect of lake loading, stepover fault movement and increased pore pressure could increase stress on the southern San Andreas fault to levels sufficient to induce failure. We conclude that rupture of the stepover faults, caused by periodic flooding of the palaeo-Salton Sea and by tectonic forcing, had the potential to trigger earthquake rupture on the southern San Andreas fault. Extensional stepover zones are highly susceptible to rapid stress loading and thus the Salton Sea may be a nucleation point for large ruptures on the southern San Andreas fault.

Selen ist essentieller Bestandteil von mehr als 25 physiologisch wichtigen menschlichen Enzymen. An evaluation of both published and hitherto unpublished sources clearly confirms the broad and thorough foundations of her psychoanalytical training in theory as well as in practice. So far, however, many psychoanalysts seem to have been unaware of her status as a former accomplished colleague. The moment magnitude Mw 7.

Based on previous measurements of its surface slip distribution, rupture along the approximately kilometer-long Carrizo segment was thought to control the recurrence of like earthquakes. New high-resolution topographic data show that the average slip along the Carrizo segment during the event was 5.

Earthquake slip along the Carrizo segment may recur in earthquake clusters with cumulative slip of approximately 5 meters. Strain on the san andreas fault near palmdale, california: Frequently repeated strain measurements near Palmdale, California, during the period from through indicate that, in addition to a uniform accumulation of right-lateral shear strain engineering shear, 0. Subsequently November to March , about half of the contraction was recovered.

This sequence of strain changes can be explained in terms of south-southwestward migration of a slip event consisting of the south-southwestward movement of the upper crust on a horizontal detachment surface at a depth of 10 to 30 kilometers. The large strain change in corresponds to the passage of the slip event beneath the San Andreas fault. This photograph is dated April 13, From left are R.

The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth SAFOD was drilled to study the physical and chemical processes controlling faulting and earthquake generation along an active, plate-bounding fault at depth. SAFOD is located near Parkfield, California and penetrates a section of the fault that is moving due to a combination of repeating microearthquakes and fault creep. Two of these zones have progressively deformed the cemented casing at measured depths of m and m.

Cores from both deforming zones contain a pervasively sheared, cohesionless, foliated fault gouge that coincides with casing deformation and explains the observed extremely low seismic velocities and resistivity. These cores are being now extensively tested in laboratories around the world, and their composition, deformation mechanisms, physical properties, and rheological behavior are studied. Downhole measurements show that within m maximum of the active fault trace, the direction of maximum horizontal stress remains at a high angle to the San Andreas Fault, consistent with other measurements.

Seismic instrumentation has been deployed to study physics of faulting—earthquake nucleation, propagation, and arrest—in order to test how laboratory-derived concepts scale up to earthquakes occurring in nature. Heuer and Minister of Education and Culture, H. Andreas Demetriou; Tirage 2: The dilatational strains associated with vertical faults embedded in a horizontal plate are examined in the framework of fault kinematics and simple displacement boundary conditions. Using boundary element methods, a sequence of examples of dilatational strain fields associated with commonly occurring strike-slip fault zone features bends, offsets, finite rupture lengths, and nonuniform slip distributions is derived.

The combinations of these strain fields are then used to examine the Parkfield region of the San Andreas fault system in central California. Electrical resistivity variations associated with earthquakes on the san andreas fault. A 24 percent precursory change in apparent electrical resistivity was observed before a magnitude 3. The experimental configuration and numerical calculations suggest that the change is associated with a volume at depth rather than some near-surface phenomenon.

The character and duration of the precursor period agree well with those of other earthquake studies and support a dilatant earthquake mechanism model. Correlation of data on strain accumulation adjacent to the San Andreas Fault with available models. Theoretical and numerical studies of deformation on strike slip faults were performed and the results applied to geodetic observations performed in the vicinity of the San Andreas Fault in California. The initial efforts were devoted to an extensive series of finite element calculations of the deformation associated with cyclic displacements on a strike-slip fault.

Measurements of strain accumulation adjacent to the San Andreas Fault indicate that the zone of strain accumulation extends only a few tens of kilometers away from the fault. There is a concern about the tendency to make geodetic observations along the line to the source. This technique has serious problems for strike slip faults since the vector velocity is also along the fault.

Use of a series of stations lying perpendicular to the fault whose positions are measured relative to a reference station are suggested to correct the problem. The complexity of faulting adjacent to the San Andreas Fault indicated that the homogeneous elastic and viscoelastic approach to deformation had serious limitations. These limitation led to the proposal of an approach that assumes a fault is composed of a distribution of asperities and barriers on all scales.

Thus, an earthquake on a fault is treated as a failure of a fractal tree. Work continued on the development of a fractal based model for deformation in the western United States. In order to better understand the distribution of seismicity on the San Andreas Fault system a fractal analog was developed. The fractal concept also provides a means of testing whether clustering in time or space is a scale-invariant process.

Migrating tremors illuminate complex deformation beneath the seismogenic San Andreas fault. The San Andreas fault is one of the most extensively studied faults in the world, yet its physical character and deformation mode beneath the relatively shallow earthquake-generating portion remain largely unconstrained.

Tectonic 'non-volcanic' tremor, a recently discovered seismic signal probably generated by shear slip on the deep extension of some major faults, can provide new insight into the deep fate of such faults, including that of the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California. Here I examine continuous seismic data from mid to , identifying tremor and decomposing the signal into different families of activity based on the shape and timing of the waveforms at multiple stations. This approach allows differentiation between activities from nearby patches of the deep fault and begins to unveil rich and complex patterns of tremor occurrence.

I find that tremor exhibits nearly continuous migration, with the most extensive episodes propagating more than 20 kilometres along fault strike at rates of kilometres per hour. This suggests that the San Andreas fault remains a localized through-going structure, at least to the base of the crust, in this area. Tremor rates and recurrence behaviour changed markedly in the wake of the magnitude The systematic recurrence of tremor demonstrated here suggests the potential to monitor detailed time-varying deformation on this portion of the deep San Andreas fault, deformation which unsteadily loads the shallower zone that last ruptured in the magnitude This precedent carries the implications that similar joint ruptures are possible in the future and that the San Jacinto fault plays a more significant role in seismic hazard in southern California than previously considered.

My work also shows how physics-based modeling can be used for interpreting paleoseismic data sets and understanding prehistoric fault behavior. Cluster analysis offers an agnostic way to organize and explore features of the current GPS velocity field without reference to geologic information or physical models using information only contained in the velocity field itself. Our results indicate the large-scale kinematics of the region is best described with two boundaries of high velocity gradient, one centered on the Coachella section of the San Andreas Fault and the Eastern California Shear Zone and the other defined by the San Jacinto Fault south of Cajon Pass and the San Andreas Fault farther north.

We show these first order results are present in maps of the smoothed GPS velocity field itself.

They are also generally consistent with currently available, loosely bounded geologic and geodetic fault slip rate estimates that alone do not provide useful constraints on the large-scale partitioning we show here. Our analysis does not preclude the existence of smaller blocks and more block boundaries in Southern California.

However, attempts to identify smaller blocks along and adjacent to the San Gorgonio section were not successful. In , an earthquake of magnitude 7. Such a unilateral rupture produces significant directivity toward the San Fernando and Los Angeles basins. If such motions were to happen today, they could have a serious impact on tall buildings in Southern California.

In order to study the effects of large San Andreas fault earthquakes on tall buildings in Southern California, we use the finite source of the magnitude 7. We subsequently analyze 3D structural models of an existing tall steel building designed in as well as one designed according to the current building code Uniform Building Code, subjected to the computed ground motion.

We use a sophisticated nonlinear building analysis program, FRAME3D, that has the ability to simulate damage in buildings due to three-component ground motion. We summarize the performance of these structural models on contour maps of carefully selected structural performance indices. This study could benefit the city in laying out emergency response strategies in the event of an earthquake on the San Andreas fault, in undertaking appropriate retrofit measures for tall buildings, and in formulating zoning regulations for new construction.

In addition, the study would provide risk data associated with existing and new construction to insurance companies, real estate developers, and. The 28 June Landers earthquake brought the San Andreas fault significantly closer to failure near San Bernardino, a site that has not sustained a large shock since Unless creep or moderate earthquakes relieve these stress changes, the next great earthquake on the southern San Andreas fault is likely to be advanced by one to two decades.

In contrast, stress on the San Andreas north of Los Angeles dropped, potentially delaying the next great earthquake there by 2 to 10 years. Von Willebrand disease protects against arterial thrombosis. It is well known that individuals with high VWF levels have a higher risk for arterial thrombosis. Although it has never been. Research, design and education, Von Humboldt revisited. This paper is a result of reflection on the interrelation design-research-cultivation, and on the interpretation of Von Humboldt's maxim: It is argued that 'Forschung' should be interpreted as 'Research. Diffusion von Leerstelleninseln auf Cu Full Text Available Abstract A germline mutation in the Von -Hippel Lindau VHL gene predisposes carriers to development of abundantly vascularised tumours in the retina, cerebellum, spine, kidney, adrenal gland and pancreas.

Most VHL patients die from the consequences of cerebellar haemangioblastoma or renal cell carcinoma. A patient with suspicion for VHL is an indication for genetic counselling and periodical examination. Correlation between deep fluids, tremor and creep along the central San Andreas fault. The seismicity pattern along the San Andreas fault near Parkfield and Cholame, California, varies distinctly over a length of only fifty kilometres.

Within the brittle crust, the presence of frictionally weak minerals, fault-weakening high fluid pressures and chemical weakening are considered possible causes of an anomalously weak fault northwest of Parkfield. Non-volcanic tremor from lower-crustal and upper-mantle depths is most pronounced about thirty kilometres southeast of Parkfield and is thought to be associated with high pore-fluid pressures at depth.

Here we present geophysical evidence of fluids migrating into the creeping section of the San Andreas fault that seem to originate in the region of the uppermost mantle that also stimulates tremor, and evidence that along-strike variations in tremor activity and amplitude are related to strength variations in the lower crust and upper mantle. Interconnected fluids can explain a deep zone of anomalously low electrical resistivity that has been imaged by magnetotelluric data southwest of the Parkfield-Cholame segment.

Near Cholame, where fluids seem to be trapped below a high-resistivity cap, tremor concentrates adjacent to the inferred fluids within a mechanically strong zone of high resistivity. By contrast, subvertical zones of low resistivity breach the entire crust near the drill hole of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth, northwest of Parkfield, and imply pathways for deep fluids into the eastern fault block, coincident with a mechanically weak crust and the lower tremor amplitudes in the lower crust.

Fluid influx to the fault system is consistent with hypotheses of fault-weakening high fluid pressures in the brittle crust. The von Meyenburg complex; Der von Meyenburg Komplex. The von Meyenburg complex VMC describes bile duct hamartomas and presents a rare, benign incidental finding in liver imaging. We report on a year-old man, who was referred for a follow up study 14 years after remission of Hodgkin's disease. Computed tomography CT revealed multiple hypodense lesions throughout the liver, primary suggesting recurrent Hodgkin's disease.

Previous CT-examinations, which were obtained at a later date, showed those lesions in identical distribution and morphology over the years, leading to diagnosis of multiple bile duct hamartomas VMC. Making imaging-based diagnosis of VMC including ultrasound, CT and magnetic resonance imaging is a challenging task for the radiologist. Based on literature research findings, the impact of different modalities in the diagnostic work-up of VMC is discussed.

In particular, both of them focus to some degree on the question of clerical celibacy. The use of tale telling and imaginary dialogues result in a contemporary overview of the role of the cleric in courtly love, the church rules on the subject, and the opinions of the people on a subject that is ripe for exploration. My aim is to point out some of the The Renaissance and the universal surgeon: Giovanni Andrea Della Croce, a master of traumatology. All the medical knowledge of all time in one book, the universal and perfect manual for the Renaissance surgeon, and the man who wrote it.

This paper depicts the life and works of Giovanni Andrea della Croce, a 16th Century physician and surgeon, who, endowed with true spirit of Renaissance humanism, wanted to teach and share all his medical knowledge through his opus magnum, titled "Universal Surgery Complete with All the Relevant Parts for the Optimum Surgeon". An extraordinary book which truly represents a defining moment and a founding stone for traumatology, written by a lesser known historical personality, but nonetheless the Renaissance Master of Traumatology.

They were never systematically investigated. The authors present here some results of a first evaluation. It was possible to reconstruct the historical events with regard to the maintenance of the Astronomische Nachrichten and the Altona observatory in Hansen was a successful teacher for many young astronomers. His way of stimulating the evolution of astronomy followed Zach's tradition.

Sawtooth segmentation and deformation processes on the southern San Andreas fault, California. Five contiguous km fault segments form a sawtooth geometry on the southernmost San Andreas fault. The kinematic and morphologic properties of each segment depend on fault strike, despite differences of strike between segments of as little as 3 degrees. Oblique slip transpression of fault segments within the Indio Hills, Mecca Hills and Durmid Hill results from an inferred 8: Triggered slip and creep are confined almost entirely to transpressive segments of the fault.

Impulsive radon emanation on a creeping segment of the San Andreas fault, California. Radon emanation was continuously monitored for several months at two locations along a creeping segment of the San Andreas fault in central California. The recorded emanations showed several impulsive increases that lasted as much as five hours with amplitudes considerably larger than meteorologically induced diurnal variations. Some of the radon increases were accompanied or followed by earthquakes or fault-creep events.

They were possibly the result of some sudden outbursts of relatively radon-rich ground gas, sometimes triggered by crustal deformation or vibration. The accommodation of relative motion at depth on the San Andreas fault system in California. Plate motion below the seismogenic layer along the San Andreas fault system in California is assumed to form by aseismic slip along a deeper extension of the fault or may result from lateral distribution of deformation below the seismogenic layer. The shallow depth of California earthquakes, the depth of the coseismic slip during the San Francisco earthquake, and the presence of widely separated parallel faults indicate that relative motion is distributed below the seismogenic zone, occurring by inelastic flow rather than by aseismic slip on discrete fault planes.

Stress near geometrically complex strike-slip faults - Application to the San Andreas fault at Cajon Pass, southern California. A model is presented to rationalize the state of stress near a geometrically complex major strike-slip fault. Slip on such a fault creates residual stresses that, with the occurrence of several slip events, can dominate the stress field near the fault.

The model is applied to the San Andreas fault near Cajon Pass. The results are consistent with the geological features, seismicity, the existence of left-lateral stress on the Cleghorn fault, and the in situ stress orientation in the scientific well, found to be sinistral when resolved on a plane parallel to the San Andreas fault.

It is suggested that the creation of residual stresses caused by slip on a wiggle San Andreas fault is the dominating process there. Theoretischer und empirischer Hintergrund: Schnaps und Limonade sowie wein Redoxspeziation von endlagerrelevanten Elementen mit Hilfe von Trennmethoden gekoppelt an ein Massenspektrometer mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma. By conducting a series of non-invasive studies, such as 3D inventory using terrestrial laser scanning TLS, thermal imaging, georadar measurements around and inside the tomb and anthropological research of mummified remains as well - the complete dataset was collected.

Through the integration of terrestrial TLS and airborne laser scanning ALS authors managed to analyse the surroundings of Fahrenheid pyriamid and influence of some objects like trees on the condition and visibility of the Pyramids in the landscape. Evolution of the northern santa cruz mountains by advection of crust past a san andreas fault bend.

The late Quaternary marine terraces near Santa Cruz, California, reflect uplift associated with the nearby restraining bend on the San Andreas fault. Excellent correspondence of the coseismic vertical displacement field caused by the 17 October magnitude 7.

Over several million years, this uplift, in concert with the right lateral translation of the resulting topography, and with continual attack by geomorphic processes, can account for the general topography of the northern Santa Cruz Mountains. Die Wirkung von Desacetylcefotaxin, einem Metaboliten von Cefotaxim, in vitro und auf die experimentelle Infektion mit Escherichia coli.

In einem Modell der systemischen Infektion der Maus mit einem plasmidtragenden, betalactamaseproduzierenden Stamm von E. Im Vergleich zur Ther Processors utilizing those fluctuations such as the von WISPR Family Processors discussed herein, are methods or algorithms that preferentially attenuate the fluctuating signals and noise Hier werden zwei oder mehr Nutzungsgruppen durch eine dritte Seite, die Plattform, zusammengebracht. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer: A Pioneer of Synthetic Organic Chemistry.

General Article Volume 19 Issue 6 June pp This condition does not necessarily imply specific aneurysm formation although aneurysms at multiple sites are a frequent observation. The term used by authors for angiomegaly of the venous system was venomegaly and the analogous condition of the arterial system was termed arteriomegaly. Although tortuosity and dilation of arteries and veins have been widely reported, suggesting a systemic disorder which affects the structural integrity of all vessels, most papers dealing with this intriguing condition did not describe any alterations in the components of vessel walls.

Simulations of tremor-related creep reveal a weak crustal root of the San Andreas Fault. Deep aseismic roots of faults play a critical role in transferring tectonic loads to shallower, brittle crustal faults that rupture in large earthquakes. Yet, until the recent discovery of deep tremor and creep, direct inference of the physical properties of lower-crustal fault roots has remained elusive. Observations of tremor near Parkfield, CA provide the first evidence for present-day localized slip on the deep extension of the San Andreas Fault and triggered transient creep events.

We develop numerical simulations of fault slip to show that the spatiotemporal evolution of triggered tremor near Parkfield is consistent with triggered fault creep governed by laboratory-derived friction laws between depths of 20—35 km on the fault. Simulated creep and observed tremor northwest of Parkfield nearly ceased for 20—30 days in response to small coseismic stress changes of order Pa from the M6.

Simulated afterslip and observed tremor following the M6. Quasi-periodic recurrence of large earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault. If the recurrence of large earthquakes is periodic, rather than random or clustered, the length of this period is notable and would generally increase the risk estimated in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses.

Unfortunately, robust characterization of a distribution describing earthquake recurrence on a single fault is limited by the brevity of most earthquake records. Here we use statistical tests on a yr combined record of 29 ground-rupturing earthquakes from Wrightwood, California. We show that earthquake recurrence there is more regular than expected from a Poisson distribution and is not clustered, leading us to conclude that recurrence is quasi-periodic.

The observation of unimodal time dependence is persistent across an observationally based sensitivity analysis that critically examines alternative interpretations of the geologic record. The results support formal forecast efforts that use renewal models to estimate probabilities of future earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault. Andreas Vesalius years--A Renaissance that revolutionized cardiovascular knowledge.

Tremor-tide correlations and near-lithostatic pore pressure on the deep San Andreas fault. Since its initial discovery nearly a decade ago, non-volcanic tremor has provided information about a region of the Earth that was previously thought incapable of generating seismic radiation.

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A thorough explanation of the geologic process responsible for tremor generation has, however, yet to be determined. Owing to their location at the plate interface, temporal correlation with geodetically measured slow-slip events and dominant shear wave energy, tremor observations in southwest Japan have been interpreted as a superposition of many low-frequency earthquakes that represent slip on a fault surface.

Fluids may also be fundamental to the failure process in subduction zone environments, as teleseismic and tidal modulation of tremor in Cascadia and Japan and high Poisson ratios in both source regions are indicative of pressurized pore fluids. Here we identify a robust correlation between extremely small, tidally induced shear stress parallel to the San Andreas fault and non-volcanic tremor activity near Parkfield, California. We suggest that this tremor represents shear failure on a critically stressed fault in the presence of near-lithostatic pore pressure. There are a number of similarities between tremor in subduction zone environments, such as Cascadia and Japan, and tremor on the deep San Andreas transform, suggesting that the results presented here may also be applicable in other tectonic settings.

The San Andreas fault forms a dominant component of the transform boundary between the Pacific and the North American plate. The density and strength of the complex accretionary margin is very heterogeneous. Based on the density structure of the lithosphere in the SW United States, we utilize the 3D finite element thermomechanical, viscoplastic model Underworld2 to simulate deformation in the San Andreas Fault system.

This book is the first comprehensive study of Astarabadi's life and thought and also offer a history of his movement. It emphasizes the diversity of medieval Islam by describing an apocalyptic movement founded on the idea that the cosmos contains embedded secrets that become manifest through extraordinary human beings. Medieval interpretations of the Qur'an often serve as points of reference for Muslim thought; yet Qur'an commentaries were shaped not only by the Qur'an itself, but also by their authors' ideological viewpoints, their theories of interpretation, their methods, and the conventions of the genre.

This volume is the first to focus solely on the complicated relationship between exegetes' theoretical aims, their practical methods of writing, and the historical and intellectual contexts of Qur'an commentaries tafsir. They emphasise the ways in which geography, human networks, hermeneutical systems and genre boundaries affected the writing of these texts. This volume offers fresh analytical perspectives and addresses new methods for the study of tafsir.

It also provides resources for scholars, by including editions and translations of the introductions to al-Basit of Abu'l-Hasan 'Ali al-Wahidi d. The detailed studies in this volume will help scholars and students alike to comprehend accurately the purpose and content of Qur'an commentaries individually and as a genre. At least since the Islamic revolution of in Iran, political Islam or Islamism has been the focus of attention among scholars, policymakers, and the general public.

There is now a growing acknowledgment within the scholarly and policy communities that Islamism is in the throes of transformation, but little is known about the nature and direction of these changes. The essays of Post-Islamism bring together young and established scholars and activists from different parts of the Muslim World and the West to discuss their research on the changing discourses and practices of Islamist movements and Islamic states largely in the Muslim majority countries. The changes in these movements can be termed 'post-Islamism,' defined both as a condition and a project characterized by the fusion of religiosity and rights, faith and freedom, Islam and liberty.

Post-Islamism emphasizes rights rather than merely obligation, plurality instead of singular authoritative voice, historicity rather than fixed scriptures, and the future instead of the past. This work is a highly readable introduction to Shaykh Mufid , the leading Shi'i scholar of his time, and it examines his contributions in the fields of jurisprudence, theology, and sacred history in clear and straightforward language.

Tussen hoofddoek en string. Marokko, de snelle modernisering van een Arabisch land. The State in Contemporary Islamic Thought. Het broeit in de Arabische wereld en dit heeft gevolgen voor hoe wij naar deze regio kijken. De verwevenheid tussen Oost en West houdt Abdelkader Benali al bezig zolang hij schrijft. Misschien niet vreemd voor een schrijver van Marokkaanse komaf die opgroeide in Nederland. De afgelopen vijf jaar heeft Benali in de Arabische wereld een generatie ontmoet die met nieuw elan en kracht de eigen wereld wil veranderen. Dit boek is er een verslag van.

Zijn berichtgeving is er een van binnenuit en handelt over uiteenlopende kwesties als Arabische poezie in Damascus, de botsing tussen Hamas en seculiere individuen in Gaza, hoe literatuur in Jeruzalem Joden en Arabieren bij elkaar moet brengen, wandelen in Orhan Pamuks Istanbul. Maar vooral is het een verslag van een Arabische generatie kunstenaars en cultuurmakers die de druk van dictatuur, fundamentalisme, censuur en oorlog weerstaan om hun stem te laten horen.

De generatie die op dit moment het verschil maakt. Tevens is de reportage Berichten uit een belegerde stad in dit boek opgenomen. The author of Racism Explained to My Daughter applies his method to the subject of Islam, attempting to synthesize this complicated religious subject for his daughter while discussing such topics as the meaning of jihad, fatwa, and terrorism. Commonly translated as "The Self-Taught Philosopher" or "The Improvement of Human Reason," Ibn-Tufayl's story ayy Ibn-Yaq an inspired debates about autodidacticism in a range of historical fields from classical Islamic philosophy through Renaissance humanism and the European Enlightenment.

Avner Ben-Zaken's account of how the text traveled demonstrates the intricate ways in which autodidacticism was contested in and adapted to diverse cultural settings. In tracing the circulation of the ayy Ibn-Yaq an, Ben-Zaken highlights its key place in four far-removed historical moments. He explains how autodidacticism intertwined with struggles over mysticism in twelfth-century Marrakesh, controversies about pedagogy in fourteenth-century Barcelona, quarrels concerning astrology in Renaissance Florence, and debates pertaining to experimentalism in seventeenth-century Oxford.

In each site and period, Ben-Zaken recaptures the cultural context that stirred scholars to relate to ayy Ibn-Yaq an and demonstrates how the text moved among cultures, leaving in its wake translations, interpretations, and controversies as various as the societies themselves. Pleas for autodidacticism, Ben-Zaken shows, not only echoed within close philosophical discussions; they surfaced in struggles for control between individuals and establishments. Presented as self-contained histories, these four moments together form a historical collage of autodidacticism across cultures from the late Medieval era to early modern times.

The first book-length intellectual history of autodidacticism, this novel, thought-provoking work will interest a wide range of historians, including scholars of the history of science, philosophy, literature, Europe, and the Middle East. De Franse islamoloog van Marokkaanse afkomst Rachid Benzine werpt een nieuw licht op de vaak onvoldoende begrepen Koran, zelfs door moslims zelf.

Hoe deed zich de openbaring van de Koran voor? In welke wereld is dit heilige boek verschenen? Tot wie richt zich de Koran? Hoe heeft de aanvankelijk mondelinge overlevering van het begin zich weten te ontwikkelen tot het heilige boek voor zovelen? Wat leert ons de Koran en wat zijn de overeenkomsten met de Bijbel? Benzine laat ons op een andere manier naar de koranverzen kijken en toont dat de Koran veel meer te bieden heeft aan de lezer die de historische context ervan begrijpt. Klassieke sharia en vernieuwing biedt een beknopte introductie op de 'sharia' of islamitische wetgeving.

De twee belangrijkste delen van het boek behandelen de klassieke sharia en de vernieuwingen die in de tussentijd hebben plaatsgevonden. Na een inleiding op de aard van de sharia, de belangrijkste spelers en hun methodologie, gaat Berger in op de invloed van de sharia op de vier belangrijkste onderdelen, te weten het staatsrecht, het familierecht, het strafrecht en het economisch recht. De auteur laat zien hoe de sharia zich als gevolg van staatsvorming en modernisering heeft ontwikkeld van de algemene wet in landen in de moslimwereld tot een meer beperkte maar nog steeds belangrijke positie.

Deze zeer informatieve studie besluit met enkele inzichten in de islamitische benadering van de mensenrechten. Der Stoff aus dem Konflikte sind. Debatte um das Kopftuch in Deutschland, Oesterreich and der Schweiz. Each year, about two million pilgrims from over countries converge on the Islamic holy city of Mecca for the hajj.

While the hajj is first and foremost a religious festival, it is also very much a political event. No government can resist the temptation to manipulate the hajj for political and economic gain. Every large Muslim state has developed a comprehensive hajj policy and a powerful bureaucracy to enforce it. The Muslim world's leading multinational organization, the Organization of the Islamic Conference, has established the first international regime explicitly devoted to pilgrimage. Yet, Robert Bianchi argues, no secular or religious authority - national or international - can really control the hajj.

State-sponsored pilgrimage management consistently backfires, giving government opponents valuable ammunition and allowing them to manipulate the symbols and controversies of the hajj to their own ends. Bianchi has been researching the hajj for over ten years and draws on interviews with and data from hajj directors in five Muslim countries Pakistan, Malaysia, Turkey, Indonesia, and Nigeria , statistics from Saudi Arabian hajj authorities, as well as his personal experience as a pilgrim.

The result is the most complete picture of the hajj available anywhere, and a wide-ranging work on Islam, politics, and power. Iblis, the character in the Qur'an who refuses God's command to bow to Adam and is punished by eviction from heaven, is commonly depicted as a fiendish character no different from Satan.

However, some Sufi stories describe Iblis as the ultimate monotheist, a lover of God, but tragically rejected. This volume seeks the origins of this alternative Iblis within the Qur'an itself, by looking at each of the seven Qur'anic versions of the Iblis story as a unique rendering of the basic narrative. Whitney Bodman finds that the likely earliest version of the Iblis story presents him as a tragic figure, an elder sibling of Adam unjustly displaced from God's favor.

Subsequent renderings present an Iblis more hostile to humanity, and in the last two abbreviated versions Iblis becomes an incidental figure in the extended story of Adam. In modern Arab literature the character of Iblis is deployed to reveal tragic dimensions of modern life. Alhough it is often said that there is no place for tragedy in Islam, Bodman's careful examination of the Iblis story shows that the tragic exists even in the Qur'an and forms part of the vision of medieval Sufi mystics and modern social critics alike.

Welke rol speelt de imam in het integratieproces van moslims in de Nederlandse samenleving? Deze vraag wordt al zo'n dertig jaar gesteld in Nederland en is nog steeds uitermate actueel. Zijn de imams die de afgelopen jaren uitgebreid in het nieuws kwamen, zoals imam El-Moumni, imam Haselhoef en de 'NOVA-imams' representatief voor 'de imam in Nederland'? Welmoet Boender sprak met imams en gelovigen in een Turkse moskee, een Marokkaanse moskee en een islamitische studentenvereniging.

Ze analyseert de boodschap van de imams in hun preken en lessen en laat zien op welke manier een proces van kennisoverdracht plaatsvindt tussen de imam en de gelovigen. Imam in Nederland is bedoeld als fundamentele bijdrage aan het publieke debat over de rol van imams in Nederland.

De Islam en het westen. Botsende religies - Theologische visies op macht in Islam en Christendom. Vertrouw op Allah, maar bind wel je kameel vast. Belevenissen van een journaliste in het Midden-Oosten. Het is augustus als Esmeralda als jonge studente Arabisch voor het eerst aankomt in Egypte, waar ze kennismaakt met een voor haar totaal nieuwe cultuur.

Tien jaar later loopt ze met cameraploegen door de rokende puinhopen van Bagdad om verslag te doen van de aanslagen in Irak en verslaat ze het nieuws over de Egyptische revolutie vanaf het roerige Tahrirplein in Cairo. In Vertrouw op Allah, maar bind wel je kameel vast laat Van Boon zien hoe ze zich in de jaren daartussen staande heeft leren houden in deze wereld van nieuwsgierige mannen, dubbele standaarden en bureaucratische doolhoven.

Vanaf dag een noteerde ze haar belevenissen en ontmoetingen in notitieblokken en dagboeken. De bizarre, ontroerende en grappige gebeurtenissen die ze tijdens haar jarenlange verblijf in het Midden-Oosten meemaakte, heeft ze nu eindelijk verwerkt tot een reeks schitterende verhalen. Vertrouw op Allah, maar bind wel je kameel vast is een persoonlijk verhaal van een jonge westerse vrouw in de soms mysterieuze en vooral fascinerende Arabische wereld.

De Arabische wereld wordt vaak beschreven vanuit een historisch en politiek perspectief. Onderdrukking, religieus extremisme en rechteloosheid zijn enkele van de kwalificaties die vaak vallen. Voeg daar een flinke scheut vrouwenonderdrukking aan toe en we hebben de kern van het gemiddelde boek over de Arabische wereld te pakken. Voor het gemak wordt vergeten dat er vooral gewone mensen in de Arabische landen leven. Mensen die niet, zoals de beelden in de media ons willen laten geloven, dagelijks vlaggen verbanden en de westerse wereld haten, maar mensen met universele verlangens en gevoelens.

Mensen van vlees en bloed. In this powerful but accessible new study John Bowen draws on a full range of work in social anthropology to present Islam in ways that emphasise its constitutive practices, from praying and learning to judging and political organising. Starting at the heart of Islam - revelation and learning in Arabic lands - Bowen shows how Muslims have adapted Islamic texts and traditions to ideas and conditions in the societies in which they live.

Returning to key case studies in Indonesia, Africa, Pakistan and Western Europe to explore each major domain of Islamic religious and social life, Bowen also considers the theoretical advances in social anthropology that have come out of the study of Islam. A New Anthropology of Islam is essential reading for all those interested in the study of Islam and for those following new developments in the discipline of anthropology.

In the United States and in Europe, politicians, activists, and even some scholars argue that Islam is incompatible with Western values and that we put ourselves at risk if we believe that Muslim immigrants can integrate into our society. Norway's Anders Behring Breivik took this argument to its extreme and murderous conclusion in July Meanwhile in the United States, state legislatures' efforts to ban the practice of Islamic law, or sharia, are gathering steam--despite a notable lack of evidence that sharia poses any real threat. In Blaming Islam , John Bowen uncovers the myths about Islam and Muslim integration into Western society, with a focus on the histories, policy, and rhetoric associated with Muslim immigration in Europe, the British experiment with sharia law for Muslim domestic disputes, and the claims of European and American writers that Islam threatens the West.

Most important, he shows how exaggerated fears about Muslims misread history, misunderstand multiculturalism's aims, and reveal the opportunism of right wing parties who draw populist support by blaming Islam. The first encyclopedia of Islamic political thought from the birth of Islam to today, this comprehensive, authoritative, and accessible reference provides the context needed for understanding contemporary politics in the Islamic world and beyond.

With more than alphabetically arranged entries written by an international team of specialists, the volume focuses on the origins and evolution of Islamic political ideas and related subjects, covering central terms, concepts, personalities, movements, places, and schools of thought across Islamic history. Fifteen major entries provide a synthetic treatment of key topics, such as Muhammad, jihad, authority, gender, culture, minorities, fundamentalism, and pluralism. Incorporating the latest scholarship, this is an indispensable resource for students, researchers, journalists, and anyone else seeking an informed perspective on the complex intersection of Islam and politics.

It includes more than concise, alphabetically arranged entries. It features 15 in-depth entries on key topics. It covers topics such as: Central themes and sources of Islamic political thought: It contains seven historical and contemporary maps of Muslim empires, postcolonial nation-states, populations, and settlements. It guides readers to further research through bibliographies, cross-references, and an index. Die Autoren dieses Buches bieten dem am Islam interessierten Leser einen leicht nachvollziehbaren Uberblick uber die Grundlagen des Koran, seine Entstehungsgeschichte und uber die besonderen Schwierigkeiten, die mit seiner Lesung verbunden sind.

De islam in Indonesie wordt vaak afgeschilderd als gematigd en tolerant en ten voorbeeld gesteld aan andere islamitische landen. Maar is dit beeld juist? Ook in Indonesie doen fundamentalistische groepen van zich spreken. Aan de orde komen onder andere salafistische organisaties, de voortrekkersrol van islamitische feministen en de discussies over erfrecht en echtscheiding.

Shadow of the Sultan's Realm. This definitive sourcebook presents more than sixty authoritative new translations of key Islamic texts. Edited and translated by three leading specialists, Classical Islam features eight thematically-linked sections covering the Qur'an and its interpretation, the life of Muhammad, hadith, law, theology, mysticism and Islamic history.

The new edition has been expanded to cover a fuller range of material illustrating the growth of Islamic thought from its seventh-century origins through to the end of the medieval period. It includes illustrations, a glossary, extensive bibliography and explanatory prefaces for each text.

Classical Islam is an essential resource for the study of early and medieval Islam and its legacy. Reflections on the Revolution in Europe. An Arabic critical edition and English translation of Epistle 52, Part 1. The Ikhwan al-Safa Brethren of Purity , the anonymous adepts of a tenth-century esoteric fraternity based in Basra and Baghdad, hold an eminent position in the history of science and philosophy in Islam due to the wide reception and assimilation of their monumental encyclopaedia, the Rasa'il Ikhwan al-Safa Epistles of the Brethren of Purity.

B o e k h a n d e l

This compendium contains fifty-two epistles offering synoptic accounts of the classical sciences and philosophies of the age; divided into four classificatory parts, it treats themes in mathematics, logic, natural philosophy, psychology, metaphysics, and theology, in addition to didactic fables. The Rasa'il constitutes a paradigmatic legacy in the canonization of philosophy and the sciences in mediaeval Islamic civilization, as well as having shown a permeating influence in Western culture. This is the fifth volume in a series presenting the very first critical edition of the Rasa'il in its original Arabic, complete with the first fully annotated English translation.

On Magic is the last in the corpus, and presents the short version of the 'Epistle on Magic, Incantations, and the Evil Eye'. Within its pages the authors of the epistle argue for the legitimacy of magic and the other occult sciences, and seek confirmation of their views in authorities as diverse as Plato, the Qur'an, the Torah, the astrologer Abu Ma'shar, and the mysterious sect of pagan star-worshippers known as the Sabians of Harran.

As in all other volumes of the series, this volume provides the first critical edition of the Arabic text, together with an English translation and a substantial range of notes. An extensive introduction highlights the unique relevance of this treatise within the framework of the Brethren's encyclopaedia itself, and to the history of science in general. Als de Arabieren al niet gewoon worden doodgezwegen in onze cultuur en in ons geschiedenisonderwijs, dan is de beeldvorming over hen vaak negatief. Lucas Catherine nam de proef op de som. Hoe keken Suske en Wiske naar de Arabieren?

En hoe deden de Chinezen dat? En over de pogingen van Leopold II om Marokko te koloniseren. Daarom probeer ik mijn verhaal ook visueel duidelijk te maken met prentjes ', legt Lucas Catherine uit in de inleiding. Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul. Narrating Muhammads Night Journey. This volume sets out to answer the following questions: Why have Shi'is been at the forefront of Islam's reassessment of the West? In the past years, Shi'i Islam, already the state religion in Iran since the 16th century, has grown in Iraq, northern India and what is now Pakistan. Juan Cole examines Shi'i Islam as a world religion that has faced modernity on its own terms.

He explores the little-known history of Shi'i communities as far afield as the Persian Gulf and India, also giving attention to important centres such as Lebanon, Iraq and, of course, Iran. He demonstrates the way in which Shi'is have sought to define space and time as sacred, and to defend those spaces from encroachments by the Other , whether that be Sunni Arab, Hindu or European Christian.

Classical Foundations of Islamic Education Thought: Why does Islam play a larger role in contemporary politics than other religions? Is there something about the Islamic heritage that makes Muslims more likely than adherents of other faiths to invoke it in their political life?

If so, what is it? Ancient Religions, Modern Politics seeks to answer these questions by examining the roles of Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity in modern political life, placing special emphasis on the relevance - or irrelevance - of their heritages to today's social and political concerns. Michael Cook takes an in-depth, comparative look at political identity, social values, attitudes to warfare, views about the role of religion in various cultural domains, and conceptions of the polity.

In all these fields he finds that the Islamic heritage offers richer resources for those engaged in current politics than either the Hindu or the Christian heritages. He uses this finding to explain the fact that, despite the existence of Hindu and Christian counterparts to some aspects of Islamism, the phenomenon as a whole is unique in the world today. The book also shows that fundamentalism - in the sense of a determination to return to the original sources of the religion - is politically more adaptive for Muslims than it is for Hindus or Christians.

A sweeping comparative analysis by one of the world's leading scholars of premodern Islam, Ancient Religions, Modern Politics sheds important light on the relationship between the foundational texts of these three great religious traditions and the politics of their followers today. What kind of duty do we have to try to stop other people doing wrong?

The question is intelligible in just about any culture, but few of them seek to answer it in a rigourous fashion. The most striking exception is found in the Islamic tradition, where 'commanding right' and 'forbidding wrong' is a central moral tenet already mentioned in the Koran. As an historian of Islam whose research has ranged widely over space and time, Michael Cook is well placed to interpret this complex subject.

His book represents the first sustained attempt to map the history of Islamic reflection on this obligation. It covers the origins of Muslim thinking about 'forbidding wrong', the relevant doctrinal developments over the centuries, and its significance in Sunni and Shi'ite thought today. In this way the book contributes to the understanding of Islamic thought, its relevance to contemporary Islamic politics and ideology, and raises fundamental questions for the comparative study of ethics. It was described by one reviewer as a masterpiece.

In that book, the author reflected on the Islamic injunction, incumbent on every Muslim, to forbid wrongdoing. The present book is a short, accessible survey of the same material. Using anecdotes and stories from Islamic sources to illustrate the argument, Cook unravels the complexities of the subject. Moving backwards and forwards through time, he demonstrates how the past informs the present.

By the end, the reader will be familiar with a colourful array of characters from Islamic history ranging from the celebrated thinker Ghazzali, to the caliph Harun al-Rashid, to the Ayatollah Khumayni. The book educates and entertains - at its heart, however, is an important message about the Islamic tradition, its values, and the relevance of those values today. Just over a sixth of the world's population subscribes to the Muslim belief that 'there is no god but God, and Muhammad is his Messenger'.

Michael Cook gives an incisive account of the man who inspired this faith, drawing on the traditional Muslim sources to describe Muhammad's life and teaching. He also attempts to stand back from this traditional picture to question how far it is historically justified. The Koran has constituted a remarkably strong core of identity and continuity for a religious tradition that is now in its fifteenth century.

This Very Short Introduction explores the significance of the Koran both in the modern world and in traditional Muslim culture. Michael Cook provides a lucid and direct account of the Koran as codex, as scripture, as liturgy, and as the embodiment of truth, and examines its means of formation and dissemination. He also discusses issues of interpretation for certain key verses, demonstrating that fecundity of the text for readers throughout the world. The New Cambridge History of Islam is a comprehensive history of Islamic civilization, tracing its development from its beginnings in seventh-century Arabia to its wide and varied presence in the globalised world of today.

The six volumes reflect the geographical distribution and the cultural, social and religious diversity of the peoples of the Muslim world. Four volumes cover historical developments and two are devoted to themes that cut across geographical and chronological divisions, ranging from social, political and economic relations to the arts, literature and learning.

Each volume's introduction sets the scene for the ensuing chapters and examines relationships with adjacent civilizations. Written by a team combining established authorities and rising scholars in the field, this will be the standard reference for students, scholars and all those with enquiring minds for years to come. The relationship between the workings of memory and the formation of culture is intriguingly close in the world of medieval Islam. In this book, distinguished contributors explore broad-ranging themes relating to memory, memorisation, memorialising or commemorating in a variety of historical, legal, literary and architectural contexts.

Poonawala and Paul E. Walker examine lists and maps as memory aids, the transmission of knowledge and traditions from medieval to early-modern times, the application of medieval notions of law and statecraft and the commemoration of individuals, civilisations and dynasties in historical and literary works, on coinage and in monumental forms. This is a fascinatingly original perspective on a topic which will engage scholars of Islamic history and sociology, as well as cultural history and the history of ideas.

Are human rights a universal norm, or a western value and therefore inappropriate and irrelevant for other cultures? How does Islam influence the understanding of human rights in Muslim societies? Is there an inherent antithesis between Islam as a religion and the value of human rights? How do we evaluate proposals for a particularly Islamic conceptualization of human rights?

These questions are addressed in an international context in this book, which focuses especially on the interaction between human rights as a value and norm in international relations, and Islam as a constituent of political culture in particular societies. Translated and notes by N. The Koran is universally accepted by Muslims to be the infallible Word of God as first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by the Angel Gabriel nearly fourteen hundred years ago.

Its chapters, or surahs, recount the narratives central to Muslim belief, and together they form one of the world's most influential prophetic works and a literary masterpiece in its own right. But, above all, the Koran provides the rules of conduct that remain fundamental to the Muslim faith today: Global jihadism has been on policy agendas for more than two decades.

In recent years, policy agendas have increasingly come to include a focus on countering militant jihadi ideologies. Despite this, studies of global jihadism that take the impact of ideas seriously are at a relatively early stage and have yet to fully capture the richness of their social contexts and intellectual universes. Departing from the security studies approaches that have characterised much writing about jihadi groups, this volume aims to engage policy-makers and specialists alike by bridging existing disciplines and areas of study to create a framework for beginning to understand jihadi movements through the study of their ideologies, intellectual histories, political engagements and geographies.

The contributors to the volume come from a range of academic disciplines including history, anthropology, political science, religious studies and area studies , as well as from the worlds of diplomacy and policy research. In addition to studies of globalised contexts and ideologies, the volume also includes detailed studies of jihadi currents of thought and responses to them in Afghanistan, Yemen, Somalia, India, Pakistan, Egypt, South-East Asia and Europe. Filosofie ontwikkelt zich waar vrije geesten naar waarheid zoeken, los van enig vooroordeel. De islam is daarop geen uitzondering.

Denkers als Avicenna, Averroes en Ghazali namen diverse filosofische kwesties onder handen. De islam wordt op hoog niveau gekenmerkt door die openheid, en toont die telkens opnieuw - dat is de kern van het betoog van Souleymane Bachir Diagne. In Filosoferen in de islam? Terwijl de conflicten tussen de islam en de rest van de wereld toenemen, en steeds grotere groepen zich beroepen op eigen waarden en eigen cultuur, doet dit boek juist een krachtige oproep tot dialoog en schetst de auteur een verhaal van hoop en rede.

Filosoferen in de islam? Speciaal voor deze Nederlandstalige uitgave paste de auteur het voorwoord aan. The figure of 'Mahomet' was widely known in early modern England. A grotesque version of the Prophet Muhammad, Mahomet was a product of vilification, caricature and misinformation placed at the centre of Christian conceptions of Islam. In Mythologies of the Prophet Muhammad in Early Modern English Culture Matthew Dimmock draws on an eclectic range of sources from the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries - literary, historical, visual - to explore the nature and use of Mahomet in a period bounded by the beginnings of print and the early Enlightenment.

This fabricated figure and his spurious biography were endlessly recycled, but also challenged and vindicated, and the tales the English told about him offer new perspectives on their sense of the world - its geographies and religions, near and far - and their place within it. This book explores the role played by Mahomet in the making of Englishness, and reflects on what this might reveal about England's present circumstances. The origins of Islam have been the subject of increasing controversy in recent years. The traditional view, which presents Islam as a self-consciously distinct religion tied to the life and revelations of the prophet Muhammad in western Arabia, has since the s been challenged by historians engaged in critical study of the Muslim sources.

In Muhammad and the Believers , the eminent historian Fred Donner offers a lucid and original vision of how Islam first evolved. He argues that the origins of Islam lie in what we may call the "Believers' movement" begun by the prophet Muhammad - a movement of religious reform emphasizing strict monotheism and righteous behavior in conformity with God's revealed law. The Believers' movement thus included righteous Christians and Jews in its early years, because like the Qur'anic Believers, Christians and Jews were monotheists and agreed to live righteously in obedience to their revealed law.

The conviction that Muslims constituted a separate religious community, utterly distinct from Christians and Jews, emerged a century later, when the leaders of the Believers' movement decided that only those who saw the Qur'an as the final revelation of the One God and Muhammad as the final prophet, qualified as Believers. This separated them decisively from monotheists who adhered to the Gospels or Torah.

Critical questions have been raised about Islam and Muslim politics in the modern world: Are Islam and modernity compatible? This updated and expanded second edition of Islam in Transition: De aanslagen van en de moord op Van Gogh hebben veel emoties losgemaakt en vragen opgeroepen, vooral over de radicalisering van kleine groepen moslims, hun banden met de islamitische wereld, de rol van imams, de man-vrouw verhoudingen en de integratie van jongeren.

De auteurs bekijken welke rol religieuze en andere waarden spelen en hoe deze veranderen. In kaderteksten wordt ingegaan op specifieke kwesties die vaak met de islam geassocieerd worden. In dertien beschrijvende profielen worden moslim-mannen en -vrouwen die optreden in het publieke debat beschreven.

Als aanvulling bevat het boek een cd-rom met geluids- en videofragmenten met onder meer Hirsi Ali en Ali B. Daarnaast krijgt de lezer een kijkje in een moskee. The Study of Religion and the Training of Muslim Clergy in Europe, academic and religious freedom in the 21st century. In het huis van de islam. Geografie, geschiedenis, geloofsleer, cultuur, economie, politiek.

De publieke en wetenschappelijke belangstelling voor de islam is de laatste jaren stormachtig toegenomen. Verwonderlijk is dat niet. Het gaat om een zesde van de wereldbevolking, en om een godsdienst en cultuur met een steeds groter politiek gewicht. De islam is niet meer ver van ons bed: De islam is dus dichtbij maar is ons ook vreemd. I kept all my books of course, and occasionally would pick up some. But the thrill had gone for about ten years or so. And then all of a sudden I was back into collecting, and what was weird was that I had discovered the Lt. I was madly trying to find ALL of the books, which was awfully hard, since they were out of print, and in French.

And I started picking up my old books again, but this time, I was reading DC too. In , two big creative changes happened at DC comics: For nearly 50 years, DC Comics had been telling stories set on multiple, parallel earths. On Earth-1, Superman was 30 or 35 years old.

In , all DC heroes lived in this new universe: Many series and stories established a new beginning. So when you came back to comics in the late ies, Sally, that was what you found? And some good, new starting points? When I came back to comics after my hiatus, I was actually rather thrilled.

If there is one thing that I enjoy, it is knowing a whole lot of esoteric and totally ridiculous useless knowledge. And things had definitely changed. People were convinced that all they had to do was guy five copies of X-Men l a new series from , Link and that they would be set for LIFE! Never mind that the value of the old comics that at the time were selling for so much money, were actually quite rare, because so many of them had been swallowed up by wartime paper drives and such. I doubt that I have a single copy that is in mint condition [Link].

I tore the polybags off and READ those suckers! But comics had also gotten a whole lot… sexier in the interim. It was a bit disconcerting. I blush to confess this, but I actually DO have a whole lot of X-Men books and simply boxfuls of dreck from this particular point in time. Let us move on to a more appealing subject.

Even today, this series is one of your favourites. Mostly because it went against the fashions of the time: Lots of banter, jokes… even some slapstick. DeMatteis [Link] came out, I was hooked immediately. It was that very first cover [Link] , by Kevin Maguire [Link]. All of a sudden, instead of all the heavy hitters, although after the Detroit League, I hesitate to use that term no Superman, no Wonder Woman.

Batman WAS there, but he spent most of his time being alternately surly and embarrassed. Martian Manhunter [Link] was there, and basically served as the team babysitter. Black Canary [Link] was there too, in that ridiculous costume [Link]. It featured young, urban and minority members like Vixen Link , a black supermodel that could talk to animals, Gypsy Link , a young Roma who was… very good at stealing things Link or Vibe Link , a ridiculous hispanic break-dancing hero who has, since then, found a certain ironic cult following Link.

DeMatteis could explore their own concept of a big, funny, bickering cast of less important characters: These heroes were definite second stringers. They did fight some pretty big villains, but it was in between the down-time at their headquarters. Having the UN involved [as political backing of their international operations] was a smart move. These characters are energetic, fallible, colorful and have big followings, even today.

He says that their marriage was a model and an inspiration for his own marriage, and that he admired Big Barda until today long, fun personal essay here… but takes a while to load. They hung out together, and did stupid things, and fun things, and fought and bickered like children sometimes, and played practical jokes on each other, but they were there when it counted, and they did their jobs. They did their jobs well and they did their jobs efficiently, which is something that has been overlooked a bit since then.

As much as I love a huge brawling storyline, it is also nice sometimes, to just have quieter issues, where everyone has a chance to take a breath. To this day, it remains one of my absolute favorite books. I eventually went through the mail-order companies to find back issues, and started getting all the Green Lantern books… and the rest is history. Since , test pilot Hal Jordan had been the Green Lantern of Space Sector , the part of the galaxy that includes our solar system. But if Abin Sur had landed nearer to Michigan….

When I first came across Guy, I was a bit confused. I knew about Hal Jordan of course, but who the heck was this incredibly obnoxious red-head? And why, almost against my will, did I end up liking him so much? He was loud, rude, lewd, crude and a major jerk Link. He insulted women, the handicapped, short people, tall people, fat and thin people and he did it with such vigor, that I found it to be a tiny bit…endearing Link. Hal was a bit staggered by this bit of news, and sought him out, and they became casual friends.

Later, Guy goes on a trip with his students, and ends up falling off of a cliff in an earthquake AND being hit by a school bus! This put him out of action for a while, so that they could introduce John Stewart as the other alternate Green Lantern. John Stewart Link is an architect and a former US marine sharpshooter. A few years earlier, an older black man had famously told Hal Jordan off Link because Jordan had gotten his power ring from the Guardians of the Universe, a race of immortal, powerful, blue-skin aliens. John Stewart and Guy Gardner.

Oa is the planet at the centre of the universe Link where the power rings come from.

Four billion years ago, an alien race called Malthusians settled on Oa, achieved immortality and started to research the secrets of the universe. In fact, they are pretty piss poor examples of omnipotence, to put it bluntly. Yes, they were short and blue, and had no fashion sense, but gosh darn it, they were just a little bit adorable They had been around for umpteen billions of years, and had, after a few false starts [like the Manhunter robots]… created the Green Lantern Corps [Link]. They also seemed to actually be looking out for the best interests of the Universe, enforcing Law and Order throughout the cosmos , and all that jazz.

So after the Manhunter robots massacred whole civilizations 3. Then, they set free the rings, and all rings scanned their respective sectors for fearless people, ready to use their willpower. Once a new recruit is found, the ring transports him or her back to Oa to receive a basic, military-like training. Oa also has a giant power battery that powers the individual power batteries that in turn power the individual rings. So naturally, once Hal caught his own ring misbehaving, he flew back to Oa to have it checked. Oh, and apparently it killed Guy, as well. In fact they consoled each other SO much, that Hal was going to marry her!

Then Hal feels guilty and goes off to free him, but Guy ends up being tortured by Sinestro of all people, and ends up in a mysterious coma with mysterious brain damage. He was the Green Lantern of his home planet Korugar, but decided to rule the planet with despotism and fear. By the time he became a member of the JLI in , he had suffered some brain damage, right? They are great stories, involving the entire corps. You really enjoy the larger mythology of this ancient, cosmic organization: The Earth is full of costumed heroes, who all run around fighting bad guys and doing their thing, but an intergalactic corps of peacekeepers is just a neat idea.

It makes the Universe seem a whole lot bigger for one thing. With all of the diffreent sectors of space, and all the infinite variety of aliens, all united in their ability to overcome fear, and wield willpower, the ability to tell stories is simply vast and amazing. Although their methods may occasionally be flawed…their motives are pure. The Green Lanterns also have some of the coolest-looking costumes around. The simplicity of the Black and the Green is incredibly eye-catching.

The variety of the body shapes, the sheer variety of the aliens, and the different planets and cultures and conflicts is just wonderful [Link]. I like the artwork. I like the stories. I like the fact that it is a serial form of entertainment, with cliffhangers, and years and years of convoluted continuity and different writers and different artists, all combining to create a messy and yet still compelling story. The Green Lanterns have been around for a VERY long time, they have their own history, and archives, and the Book of Oa [Link] , and traditions, and rules and hierarchy.

And since it does have such a rich sense of history , it can be very easy to continue to mine that history for an almost infinite array of tales to be told. The first Green Lantern of Earth was not sent by the Guardians. His name was Alan Scott Link , he had his first adventure in Link and his own comic from to In a couple of years, Batman , The Flash and Wonder Woman had their own comic book series, too. And through time-travel and multiple multiversal crises, Alan is still alive today, in his sixties and chairman of the modern-day Justice Society Link.

But here are all the original Mystery Men [the super-heroes who fought in the World War 2, Link] , who through any number of bizarre circumstances, became a part of the present day Universe, and serve as someone that even the heroes look up to. In recent years, Alan also had some great moments as the leader of Checkmate to , Link , a modern-day, international spy agency who tries to keep super-heroes under control.

Some people find him to be boring. Some people are reading as closely as they should. Hal Jordan is NOT too perfect. Oliver Queen is one of my favourite heroes. They got into in a van and drove around the coutry, helping the helpless, and their adventures were socially relevant, political… but very preachy and one-dimensional: Ollie was very angry, liberal and left-wing. And Hal was clueless, ignorant and patriotic.

I liked that Hal was best friends with Barry Allen, the Flash [more about this friendship here, Link]. I liked that Hal was best friends with Ollie. But Hal really did have to put up with a lot from Ollie! When news reached Oa that Hal wanted to give up his ring and travel through small towns with Ollie, a Guardian decided to transform into a more human-like form and join them. The Guardians do not embrace individual names. And Hal became a lot less self-confident and a lot more whiney. To my mind, some of the best stories about Hal are the very early ones in the Silver Age.

They are just so… insane! He has his own fan cllub of hysterical teeny-boppers all wanting to marry him! Originally Hal was a lot of fun. He flew with his legs open. He showed off his ass in practically every shot [absurdly extensive Link]. He hit his head. Heck, he got hit in the head with a yellow ceiling tile, and was blinded by mustard, and all kinds of silly things. On your own website, you often post these two kinds of pictures: He always leaps before he looks, and strangely hilarious things happen to him… yet he always manages to overcome the indignities thrown his way [Link] , and come out smelling like the proverbial rose.

And he drives Batman crazy. Granted, this is more of a recent development, but you could see echoes of it even back in the sunny old Justice League days: Batman plans and thinks Link , and plans some more. Hal just… does it. By the seat of his pants. And manages more often than not, to get away with it. A lot of times, Hal acts like an ignorant, idolized super-hero fratboy: There are a lot of DC heroes that I respect as persons read this essay about Lois Lane as an inspirational character, for example.

Or is he an evil person trying to pretend he is nothing more than a harmless moron? His treatment of Carol Ferris [Link] is pretty outrageous for one thing. Hal never paid any attention, and kept chasng her around the disks in a way that would get him into a lot of trouble nowadays. He also treated his family in a rather cavalier fashion: Back in the old days, he and his brothers, Jack and Jim [Link] and their wives would go and visit their rich Uncle Titus.

And smirk when he did it. Carol Ferris inherited Ferris Air and employed Hal as a test pilot. But frequently, an evil Alien energy, the Star Saphire Link , would latch onto Carol and transform her into a dangerous sexual predator Link. Hal and Carol had several relationships… but they never stayed together too long. To his credit, he seems to date only one at a time, which is nice, but he has this pathological fear of commitment, and never lets anyone get too close.

Nevertheless, Hal has a habit of using women, and then dumping them in a minute. Whenever I learn about specific heroes, their powers and their individual supporting casts, there is a moment when I feel overwhelmed: Every hero has an origin story, a specific home town, one or several love interests… For the longest time, Hal Jordan even had a non-superpowered sidekick, the youthful Inuit airplane mechanic Tom Kalmaku Link. There are snarky articles that make fun of the weirdest and most stupid twists Link.

Most heroes have a junior counterpart… a female counterpart… a kid sidekick… a romantic interest… an elder statesman… a civilian companion… an authority figure… a black sheep… a contextualizing city… and sometimes even an animal companion. He always has a unique and usually brilliant take on things.

I hated the stilted dialogue and the naive conflicts. I really liked the books starting the issue [Link] , when writer Steve Englehart [Link] took over: Then sadly, the Guardians disbanded, and went off to make whoopie with the Zamarons, and they accidentally executed Sinestro, and mostly the Corps was shut down… with the exception of a few, who all went to live on Earth with Hal. I have no idea what you talking about.

Reviews were so bad that I did not read this. Even that era was fun, because Englehart had a sure way with the different voices of the characters: Guy came out of his coma and became a whole lot more fun, and John and Katma got married [Link] , and Hal was busy making out with an underage Arisia [Link] , which was a bit squicky [Link] , but hey. For the longest time, I really did not like these Green Lantern Corps characters too much.

All they ever did was paint the actresses blue or green or pink — but they all had long legs, high heels and perky perky breasts. They might have antennae, and weird eyebrows, but they were all definitely humanoid females. All the better to be lusted after by Hal Jordan. She was this HUGE and completely unattractive Warrior Woman [Link] , who could have picked up just about any Green Lantern other than [massive drill sergeant] Kilowog and broken them in half. They ended up prettying her up after a while [Link] , which was a shame [Link!! She was a silicone-based life-form, if I remember correctly, and basically was made out of rock.

She still had breasts of course, because otherwise how would you KNOW that she was a woman , but she was a fun character. She also had this totally unrequited crush on Hal. Hal of course was busy lusting after all the other more nubile alien women. There are some really cool alien races in the Corps, however: Kilowog has to be one of my absolute favorites. His planet of Bolovax Vik [Link] was unfortunately destroyed, but he had had a wife and a family. There is also Leezle Pon [Link] , who is a super intelligent virus, and I think that there is a mathematical equation that is a Lantern [Link] , and one that is shaped like a cube.

In these first years after the Crisis, almost all major super-hero series thrived: There were smaller series like the excellent! The writer was Gerard Jones Link , the art came from Pat Broderick Link — and Hal was noticeable older now, with grey temples and a midlife identity crisis.

Suddenly, Hal got these weird gray sideburns, and became morose and even more angsty than when he was going around with Ollie twenty years earlier. At the same time however, Guy was becoming more and more interesting. And suddenly making perpetual horndog Hal Jordan suddenly look as though he was forty was a poor move. Instead of being charming and charismatic, he suddenly looked like a creepy older uncle.

The 8 opening issues Link of this series had Hal flying around, searching for a new place in life. And they must be one of the most annoying comics that I have read… because all the characters looked like gay fetish men Link. Hal Jordan was doing his own thing in his own book there for a while, yes. Occasionally, Guy would drop in and play off of Hal, and these issues were usually hilarious. Over time, he grew mad and started stealing whole cities from different planets to transplant them to Oa: The series is remarkable for the eye-popping, weird 90ies art it reminded me of artist Anthony Ausgang, Link and the Charles-Bukowski-like, deliberately erratic dialogue and storytelling.

But it was an ambitious concept — and nothing that I can see DC Comics publishing today, in And next, Hal turned crazy and killed all his friends. The story started when Superman was killed by a monster in Link. With Superman still dead, his old enemy Mongul Link , an alien despot with the personality of a schoolyard bully decided to attack Coast City. Instead of getting him some therapy, they yelled at him and told him to stop moping. Naturally, this just made him mad [Link]. And then he tried to fix things, and they yelled at him some more. So he flew back to Oa, and basically just mowed down everyone in his path….

Hal murders the friends who try to stop him — Boodika, Kilowog, Arisia, and many more — and steals their power rings Link. Then, he kills Sinestro Link …. To this day, the book is one of my favourites, and I can highly recommend it to everyone who knows nothing about the DC universe. So Hal was turned into a huge villain, and tried to destroy the Universe, and it was a pretty shabby treatment for someone who had been one of their classical heroes, really.

He also beat the crap out of Guy, tore out his eye and put him into another coma. In the end, Ollie shoots him in the heart to stop him Link. It gave us Kyle Rayner. But getting to Kyle. Frankly, the idea that Ganthet [the last surviving Guardian, Link] just found him standing in an alley outside of a bar [Link] is hilarious. And he does fulfill the first requirement of being a good Green Lantern… he has a really fabulous arse [Link].

When we first meet him, he lives in LA with his girlfriend Alex deWitt Link and has only been out of college for a couple of years. Kyle has an overbearing mom, an absent dad and he really likes the comfort of a long-term relationship: He only found it by chance, and since there is no Oa and no Corps anymore, he has a hard time learning the ropes. Interestingly, Alex turns out to be very helpful there: He was spending a lot of his time trying to figure out how the ring worked, and how to BE a Green Lantern, without a Green Lantern Corps.

Everyone else had been depowered or killed off. So a lot of the early Kyle stories were mostly about him trying to figure out is place in the universe. Frankly, I really really liked Alex, and I was devastated when she was fridged. It originated with Kyle and Alex, back in , when a villain named Major Force Link found out where Kyle lived, visited their apartment…. She also gives a lot of cool examples: Another lazy writing trick is to have a heroine be raped [Link] and use that for her motivation. Again, not too many male heroes use that as their reason for fighting crime. Starting in September of , there are 52 ongoing comic series at DC comics Link.

So whenever a woman or a minority character in these stories dies [Link] … they are leaving a much bigger hole — because there has never been lots of diversity in comics, in the first place. Geoff Johns is a big fan of this strategy, and it brings a lot of problems: The oldest, classic heroes usually have the biggest brand value in comics, so when a comic book series is failing, it is easier to kill off the hero, invent a new person with slightly different powers and make him the new star… with the same name Link.

There was a new, female Dr. Light Link , a new, female Wildcat Link … there even have been female Robins Link , from time to time. The gratuitous and casual killing off of good characters is infuriating. Both boys seemed likeable and full of potential… but also very much like the characters that get sidelined and forgotten Link once they fail to interest the mainly white readership.

A good supporting cast can really make or break a superhero. Batman could hardly exist without Alfred or Commissioner Gordon. There are a TON of Green Lantern supporting characters of course, and when they are well written, they become very important to the reader: Not only are there all of the myriad Lanterns, but all of the cool villains. Where would Hal be without Sinestro? There are amazing characters around, and more of them than there are comic books to give them space to shine.

For women, minorities, girlfriends and side characters, staying relevant is even harder. After Alex, the freelance photographer, was killed and stuffed into the fridge, Kyle dated Donna, a freelance photographer and hero, Link , who then was killed by an evil robot. First there was poor Alex. Then they killed Jade, then they killed his mother, then they killed practically anyone who had ever been in the same room with him. I am really hoping that Soranik Natu, his current girlfriend, is the one to break the jinx.

While Kyle started dating Donna, there was a whole generation of teenage heroes reaching their mid-twenties in the DC Universe: Dick Grayson, the former Robin, was now Nightwing Link. At the same time, their former sidekick roles were getting filled with new, more unconventional characters: In the late 90ies, DC Comics had became more multicultural and the authors worked hard to show us established hero concepts… with young, fresh faces: Kyle was part of this larger trend, and even today, he is the most popular and enduring of these characters.

I will be the first to admit that I am not much of a Donna Troy fan, though: I find her to be dull. Although I will admit that Kyle was a much better love interest for her than her late, unlamented husband, Terry Long [Link]. Terry Long was a middle-aged, divorced college professor, and Donna Troy was only 20 or 21 when she married him. To make things worse, Terry looked very much like Marv Wolfman Link , the author of that relationship and a long-time Donna Troy fan.

She is one of the few people who actually have the Green Lantern power internalized… something that she inherited from her father, Alan Scott. I was GLAD when she was killed…glad! I think the character of Jade was so annoying because Kyle basically had the very same story, with two different women: But in , a young author named Judd Winick Link took over and repeated many of the naive conflicts and stories that Marz had done before. Ironically, Ron Marz has also… said some of the smartest things about constructing characters that I have ever read Link , by drawing attention to a short sentence in an afterword Link by Stephen King: Instead, what had me invested in DC comics in the first place… was blogs like yours — that talk about the personalities and less about the always-the-same plot twists Link -, artists like Amanda Conner Link — that show the small, everyday moments between the heroes — and writers like Greg Rucka Link , who likes to write from the perspective of complicated, competent women Link.

Quite frankly, Winick has the ability to drive me absolutely nuts. He CAN be a good writer… when he wants to be.

I get the impression that he thinks that superhero comics are a bit beneath him , and he writes them with a certain amount of contempt. His retcon [Link] is insulting, unnecessary and just plain bad [Link]. He CAN write men failry well…again, when he feels like it. He did a fairly decent job with Kyle back in the Green Lantern books. However, he also has this habit of writing about things such as drug use, or homosexuality, or whatever… and making a HUGE deal out of it. There is a feeling that he has one eye on the award ceremony, and only one eye on his writing, because it is Just So Socially Relevant!

Winick has also done some very good character stuff with Kyle… but having him answer to his real name while in costume or transforming into Green Lantern in the middle of a busy coffee shop? Since his powers were magic-based, he also still was very active with the Justice Society. But what changed for Guy and John? It is quite fabulous, and poor John Stewart has never been quite as interesting since.

He was still a jerk of course, but now he was a jerk on purpose. And with a heart of gold of course. John Stewart — and Donna Troy, of all people — joined an intergalactic team of super-powered peacekeepers, the Darkstars , Link. Their uniforms were gaudy, and they seemed to just try to be copying the Lanterns. John was in a wheelchair at the time, so Meryan cared for him. But that changed fairly quickly: He fell for Katma Tui, and she for him, and they got married during the Super Bowl, which was fun. Also, he never bothered wearing a mask [Link]. All of this was badly plotted, joyless to read and gradually marginalized one of only five or six well-known black DC heroes.

To this day, I do not understand John, as a character: He is stern and humourless, uses his ring for elaborate, technically accurate energy constructs… and has been a Marine sharp shooter before he worked as an architect. Basically, John is probably the smartest of the four Earth Lanterns … although Guy is a whole lot smarter than people think that he is. Frankly, Hal and Kyle are pretty, but dumb. John is quietly competent, stoic, and steadfast. He is calm and he is efficient, but he is NOT particularly charismatic.

It is as though between them, Hal, Kyle and Guy use up all the charisma, and John is left over. Nobody really seems to know quite what to do with him. I like John, I really do…and yet I can understand why you have a hard time getting a clear picture of him. At the same time, an alien woman, Fatality Link came to earth and held John responsible for the destruction of her home planet Xanshi. Lately, they seem to be trying to redeem Fatality, making her join the Star Sapphires [Link]. But it will be interesting to see what they ultimately do with her.

But did it work? Is it worth reading? I have to admit that this was the low point of my interest in Hal: I was depressed enough that he went all crazy and became Parallax and killed his friends.

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