Discovering Followership : Learn The Secrets of Walking Behind and Still Staying Ahead

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Learn The Secrets to Walking Behind and Still Staying Ahead , Omokhai Imoukhuede writes about the power of being a good follower showing how followers are as important to leaders as leaders are to followers. Using several examples, from Jesus to contemporary leaders in business, the nonprofit world, church, sports, the U. S military and other organizations, he shows how leaders depend on good followers and how good followers always become the best of leaders.

In one of the chapters, he outlined several characteristics of a good follower like Readiness, Participation and Critical thinking, Positive attitude, Reliability and Faithfulness, Submissive Initiative, Teachability etc. Also, in our text, we see the demonstration of these characteristics of true followership by the leaders of Israel. When Joshua informed them of what God had told him, commanding them to immediately commence the possession of the lands, they responded as true followers with the following resolves:.

To be available to their leader We will do and go..

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To obey every instruction that Joshua would give them We will obey… 3. To pray and to work for the success of their leader The Lord God be with you… 4. To extend and enforce the influence of their leader to others Anyone who rebels… 5. To encourage their leader So be strong and courageous. This amazing team eventually went on to conquer lands and receive the long-promised inheritance for the benefit of all both leader and follower , testifying to the effectiveness of the correct leader-follower dynamic.

To be available to their leader We will do and go.. To obey every instruction that Joshua would give them We will obey… 3. To pray and to work for the success of their leader The Lord God be with you… 4. To extend and enforce the influence of their leader to others Anyone who rebels… 5. To encourage their leader So be strong and courageous. This amazing team eventually went on to conquer lands and receive the long-promised inheritance for the benefit of all both leader and follower , testifying to the effectiveness of the correct leader-follower dynamic.

Good leaders plus good followers achieve great things. How good of a follower are you? Do you demonstrate these characteristics where God has placed you? Are you an absentee follower? Are you submissive or rebellious? Do you extend the influence of your God-appointed leader or do you undercut it at every opportunity? One online class, created specifically to help refugees develop essential leadership skills, uses The Leadership Challenge as the core text. And currently, professors from U. Neil Sparnon, the JC: As students learn leadership principles, they are able to apply them right away as leadership opportunities abound in these refugee camps.

Domique, for example, is one individual who has taken a leadership role in his camp. After completing his JC: HEM program, he began to work as a water and sanitation monitor. He instructs others on how to prevent the spread of disease through proper use of hand washing and the correct way to obtain fresh, clean water. He encourages those he teaches to educate their families and neighbors Enabling Others to Act to make the camps safer and keep residents healthy.

I feel more helpful in the community because I have something that I can give. HEM for assisting me and other refugees with more skills and improving our way of looking at life. Peter, after completing his leadership course, started volunteering as President of the Dzaleka Sanitation Committee coordinated by the Office of the United Nations Higher Commissioner for Refugees.

From increasing access to clean water to ensuring that new toilets were installed, Peter faced many challenges. But in his new role, Peter became a guide for others Modelling the Way to be both a member of a community and a leader. Peter is now employed as a health surveillance assistant at the Dzaleka Health Centre where he helps to immunize children and teach about water and sanitation in the community and camp. From a workshop that she opened, she makes furniture and sells wood to other carpenters in the camp. She also has taught business skills to other women, to help them create small businesses of their own.

HEM has given me more value in the community, and I have gained knowledge that helps me do something for community and my family. HEM celebrated a momentous occasion: Extending beyond the graduates to their families, friends, and community, there was much to celebrate. As the program graduates take on leadership roles in their communities, life there improves. They find that their newly-gained wisdom is trusted and valued by their peers. Program graduates, who have studied side-by-side with those from different backgrounds, are natural peacemakers.

They are invited to help solve inter-religious and inter-ethnic conflicts that emerge.

Can the “Masks of Command” Coexist with Authentic Leadership?

And their new-found leadership skills and confidence ripple through the community, encouraging more and more people to focus on improving camp life and living peacefully together. HEM students have now received the gift of knowledge and they want to use it to help themselves, their families, their communities. HEM since , can be reached at kareena. Christine Mulcahy is a freelance writer specializing in education. A graduate of Boston College and NYU, she has 12 years of experience as an educator, editor, and writer.

The program offers a Diploma in Liberal Studies delivered online by volunteer faculty who teach in their subject area; leadership skills are a foundational element. In addition, shorter Community Service Learning Tracks are offered that seek to enhance local vocational education by providing on-site facilitators and online access to faculty expertise and materials.

HEM works with a variety of partners and donors, and actively seeks institutional partners involved in accreditation. Learn more at http: Recognizing, confronting and overcoming adversity were clearly key sub-themes that were addressed in nearly every breakout session, skill-building session, and the great keynotes. The Leadership Challenge model and the annual Forums are truly geared toward Enabling Others to Act, not just providing interesting but non-applicable knowledge.

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Symbolically, New Orleans was a perfect location given what the people there have had to overcome throughout the past few years. No matter how much all of us outsiders think we might know about Katrina, the people of New Orleans and the Gulf Coast have had a much different experience than we can imagine. A remarkable and heartwarming sense of history and pride exists in that city. The Forum offered a number of terrific learning opportunities. Jim and Barry, once again, happily gave up the stage to a couple of other authors: Courage is part of dealing with adversity and it takes courage to confront the unchallengeable norms in a workplace in order to make it better.

I always appreciate being exposed to the additive work of other researchers and authors, which is so often a great benefit of attending The Leadership Challenge Forum.

  • Discovering Followership – DiggingDeeperWithOmokhai?
  • Discovering Followership.
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The closing activity was an example of experiential learning at its best. To be in New Orleans and have a jazz ensemble rocking the room would have been grand enough by itself. But along with some great music, we were able to learn some powerful lessons about New Orleans traditions and music, songwriting, and collaboration. It was amazing to watch how the energy level continued to soar and how that energy, along with the lessons learned, was harnessed into an immediate result. We learned, we delivered, and we thoroughly enjoyed. Imagine that combination in your workplace every day!

This may be my most important reflection. If there is one value that was immensely modeled at the Forum, it was generosity. Jim and Barry were very accessible and generous with their time and knowledge. All of the speakers, including the breakout session leaders, were generous in sharing what they know and what they have learned.

Master Facilitators looked forward to sharing what they could with attendees who wanted and needed advice and knowledge. And our host, Wiley Publishing, continued to show great generosity in supporting the Masters Give Back program. It is a joy for me to see this value so abundantly displayed.

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My final reflection is this: The Leadership Challenge community is not just a group of people from around the world who enjoy common work and like to come together to socialize around it once a year. Rather, it is a well-intentioned, focused community whose members are all deeply committed to the work of leadership development.

There is a real power in this community. For years, many of us have seen the impact The Leadership Challenge has had on individual people and organizations of all kinds. And this impact is expanding worldwide, including places like Asia, Africa, and Australia to alliteratively name a few. There are members of the community devoted to helping students become exposed to leadership at earlier ages and, as a result, perhaps changing their futures forever. And consider this…there is Leadership Challenge work being done in the Middle East, which with time and its accumulating, visible results could actually become a factor for future peace and interdependence.

It is a privilege to be part of a community that makes such a difference for so many people. In , we will gather in San Francisco, June 18—19, to continue strengthening our collective desire to grow leaders and, yes, even change the world.

Encourage The Heart

She can be reached at renee harnessleadership. All participants were asked to think high-level—as a team, as part of the larger organization—rather than focusing on their individual team roles. Repent of bad followership and begin to pray for and help your leaders. From the first, I was surprised to learn that Nigeria is the largest country in Africa by population. At the end of each day, use your scheduler or your to-do notes to remind yourself of what you did. He relates the experiences of a carefully selected sample of leaders that he regards as authentic.

We extend a hearty welcome to all who want to join in on this wild and rewarding adventure. For all those familiar with The Leadership Challenge, we know that the most important starting point for values-driven leadership or any leadership, for that matter is to have an awareness of self: And it is that focus and learning that participants in a recent workshop, sponsored by the Hamilton County Leadership Academy HCLA , experienced in a unique way. HCLA is a community leadership development program dedicated to helping those in leadership positions continue to develop their capabilities as leaders.

Representing a variety of organizations from Hamilton County in Indiana, participants come to the program from various backgrounds—all seeking education and information about the Hamilton County community as well as opportunities to build on their leadership skills. Here, leaders return to the HCLA community to share their experiences, and spend a morning focusing on ways to more fully develop their leadership skills, both personally and professionally. While this Values-Driven Leadership Workshop, in many settings, may have focused only on organizational values, HCLA has always recognized the importance of individual leaders exploring their own personal values.

For example, during the most recent workshop held earlier this year, leaders spent the first several hours exploring personal values with an exercise adapted from the Values Card Sort provided in The Leadership Challenge Values Cards Facilitator Guide. Leaders identified the personal values that mattered most to them and created definitions for each that would help guide them in their daily leadership. This exploration was both illuminating and reflective.

And when participants shared their values with each other, the room was abuzz! To our surprise, this first exercise went more quickly than we had planned—perhaps because these leaders were so committed to the community they were already very in tune to the values that truly mattered to them and were quick to narrow down their values.

As many of us within the TLC community understand, having a leadership philosophy—one that arises from our values—often has more impact than we ever expect. This was the case with attendee Chris Owens, Director of Indiana Parks and Recreation Association, who was surprised that this simple process of exploring personal values and using those to create his leadership philosophy made such an impact.

In fact, he was so excited that he posted about his leadership philosophy on Facebook, writing:. Still needs some polishing, but happy with draft 1. Workshop participants also shared their leadership philosophies with others in the group before being treated to a panel discussion that included executives from Hamilton and nearby Marion counties who told stories and provided insight into the personal values that drive their behavior and actions as leaders, as well as how their organizations use values to positively impact results.

During the extreme cold of the Polar Vortex in January, on the coldest night of the year when the wind chill was degrees, a valve broke on one of the liquefied natural gas tanks that provide gas into our system which, of course, is used to heat homes. And as employees from various divisions gather together to come up with a solution, the values of quality and teamwork were very evident.

Each member of the team that night came in during off hours, bringing specific skills to collaborate on a solution that, ultimately, ended with three people climbing to the top of the 80 foot tank in the coldest hour of the coldest day to implement a fix. It was all hands on deck and, in fact, a temporary worker was brought into the conversation because he had an idea for fixing the broken valve based on an observation earlier in the day.

This truly demonstrated the value of teamwork and illustrates the great lengths our employees went to in order to ensure customers had gas to heat their homes. I know it sounds hokey, but we really took it to heart. This means making our clients better, making each other better, making life better for our families, making the technical field better and, finally, making our community better. We live these values out every day through our client training sessions, mentoring, wellness initiatives, technical community involvement and events, and our community involvement plan.

A concrete example is our Pay It Forward Month. We provide a small stipend for each employee and ask them to help others in the community in some small, but meaningful way. Involvement in our community has become ingrained in who we are. I see our people taking it to heart and going above and beyond. Leaders left the session energized about their personal leadership, and eager to help others explore their own personal values and help them make the link to their organizational values.

Lisa Wissman of Community Health put it this way:. I have applied what I learned, shared examples from the panel and networked with two new individuals who are assisting me with helping a young engineer build a professional network for his job search. I truly hit the jackpot! Thank you for creating the opportunity.

This most recent Values-Driven Leadership Workshop again confirmed the importance of the contribution that HCLA makes to the community by helping leaders further their development. Hearing stories from panel members, having the space and time to reflect on their own values, and getting an unexpected opportunity to reflect on their leadership philosophies, HCLA participants and alumnae are in an even better position to make a positive impact on the communities in which they live and work.

The Gift of Leadership program, begun in , is not just an annual workshop. It is a cause. Our Gift of Leadership program was held in March, and for two full days ILA and our other collaborative partners hosted a dynamic group of managers and directors from such Greater Cincinnati area nonprofits as The Council on Aging, Girl Scouts, St. Vincent de Paul, and the Cincinnati Youth Collaborative, among others. The venue was once again provided by our partner, Camp Joy, a nonprofit organization devoted to experiential learning for over 75 years.

They generously provided scholarships for the program, and are deeply committed to providing more nonprofit members with ongoing, high - quality leadership development opportunities, such as The Leadership Challenge. Collectively, we have been working on a vision of making the Cincinnati community better by building up our nonprofit leadership.

We have developed a plan and are already in the process of rolling out a strategy to seek ongoing funding from businesses and other donors, to make the gift of The Leadership Challenge the foundation of leadership for area nonprofits. Certified Master Facilitator Valarie Willis is also part of this endeavor. She offers The Leadership Challenge for additional members of this nonprofit community, and has played an important role in developing the strategy for keeping the Gift of Leadership moving forward in Cincinnati.

New friendships were made and participants have begun sharing best practices—already raising their leadership capacity to better serve people in need throughout the Greater Cincinnati community. As one Gift of Leadership participant wrote: I have made some commitments to myself that I intend to accomplish in the next 30 days that will benefit me and the organization. Thanks again for thinking of me for this opportunity.

Every day, people working with human services agencies must confront circumstances which seem virtually impossible, and often deeply heart wrenching. Their work is hard and tireless, yet their passion and commitment remains unswerving. It is a privilege to be able to contribute to their efforts in some small way. We thank them for their devotion to their work and for accepting the challenge to become better leaders for their organizations and the people they serve. For 25 years, Steve has taught, coached, and consulted with executives and all levels of managers around the world in leadership development, team development, personal growth, change, and business strategy.

Most good leaders seem to be good storytellers. Can you share your thoughts on why that is and some examples that illustrate the value of telling stories? Through stories, leaders pass on lessons about shared values and the norms about how people should work together. In a business climate obsessed with PowerPoint presentations, complex graphs and charts, and lengthy reports, storytelling may seem to some like a soft way of getting hard stuff done. Research shows that telling more positive stories than negative stories enables individuals, groups, and organizations to recover more quickly from adversity and trauma.

In fact, research indicates that when leaders want to communicate standards, stories are a much more effective means of communication than are corporate policy statements, data about performance, and even a story plus the data. His dad was a great storyteller, and he used stories especially effectively to teach lessons.

Phillip has carried the family tradition into his business life at Goodyear. When Phillip was named to head up a large team with previously poor engagement scores for communication, he needed to find a way to be more proactive about connecting with employees. He carried the practice with him when he was appointed president of Wingfoot Commercial Tire Systems, a 2,person wholly owned subsidiary of Goodyear.

Storytelling, Phillip says, accomplishes two things. It offers a framework for relating to the message—something that people encounter in their own lives that can bridge to the main point. It also offers him the chance to lead through an example rather than to come across simply as preaching. Telling stories forces you to pay close attention to what your constituents are doing. Peers generally make better role models for what to do at work than famous people or ones several levels up in the hierarchy. When others hear or read a story about someone with whom they can identify, they are much more likely to see themselves doing the same thing.

People seldom tire of hearing stories about themselves and the people they know. These stories get repeated, and the lessons of the stories get spread far and wide. Storytelling is how people pass along lessons from generation to generation, culture to culture. Together with Barry Posner, he is author of The Leadership Challenge —now in its fifth edition—and over a thirty other books and workbooks on leadership and leadership development.

Using a proven, evidence-based approach to leadership—in the form of The Leadership Challenge—Presence Health is inspiring its nursing leaders to strengthen partnerships, value contributions, and create innovative solutions that are transforming the culture of the entire organization. What began in with the merger of two single ministries, Provena Health and Resurrection Health Care, is now a fully integrated health system consisting of five congregations:. Collectively, these congregations represent a unified passion, capturing the essence of the Presence Health name: And it was through this desire for unified connection that Presence Saint Joseph Medical Center wanted to ignite change within its nursing staff.

Presence Saint Joseph had a historical baseline turnover of To achieve this, Jackie began working with her team to create a new leadership initiative: Every Nurse a Leader , a program that would establish a new philosophy and mindset for emerging nurse leaders at the point of care and fundamentally transform the culture long-term. They started by looking for the root cause of the high turnover rate among RNs. What they found was a lack of structure—a framework that could provide guidance for new graduate nurses and help them understand more clearly what it would take to be successful in their work.

They also emphasized developing inter-organizational relationships and holistic teams to focus on the common mission of patient care. At the heart of the Every Nurse a Leader program is a two-year Transition into Practice residency, set up in stages to allow everyone to grow and become a leader within the organization. Focusing on clinical, technical, interpersonal, and leadership skills, each participant is involved in a series of projects and roles throughout their residency.

The first LPI is administered during their orientation period, after their cohort begins. A follow-up assessment is completed at the end of the first year of practice and, again, at the end of the second year—and beyond. Residents in the program Model the Way with hands-on clinical training in a Simulation Lab where they receive real-time feedback on their clinical and critical thinking skills as well as a full debrief to help analyze and reflect on their performance. Taking the challenge one step further, each cohort spends a full day at an outdoor teamwork facility where they learn how to take risks, to overcome fears, and to trust each other as they work as a unified team.

Jackie and her team at Presence Saint Joseph have found that Enabling Others to Act through these collaborations creates a supportive infrastructure that encourages key stakeholders to make a meaningful investment in the process and strengthens engagement and shared decision-making. More experienced Nurse Managers actively participate in interviewing, onboarding, and providing transitional support during the residency period for new RNs.

In addition, interdisciplinary partners, including the nursing leadership team and executives, are involved in the Transition into Practice Program through cohort educational sessions. Presence Saint Joseph has seen an increased commitment to goals and those involved in the program have also reported an increased capacity to attain goals. Every Nurse a Leader has already produced stellar results through six program cohorts. Presence Saint Joseph has decreased its turnover rate for RNs in their first year: The Every Nurse a Leader program at Presence Saint Joseph Medical Center continues to grow and reach more and more aspiring leaders within the organization.

We, at Integris Performance Advisors, are proud to have played a part in their success. We congratulate Jackie Medland and her team for leading the charge and showing so clearly what it truly means to liberate the leader within. Helping Integris clients succeed using innovative thinking, delivering meaningful results, and fostering personal growth, he can be reached at KJ. Make sure that people are creatively rewarded for their contributions to the success of your projects.

Write down something that each of your constituents personally enjoys. Author and consultant Jennifer Robin has spent years studying, observing, working with—and in—great workplaces. Be ready for some surprises! Finding Meaning in a Chaotic World. Learn more about Jennifer Robin at www.

While the best leaders are self-aware, they are careful not to let their feelings manage them. Instead, they manage their feelings. One way to respond would be to yell at them and put them down in front of the group. But would that be the best way to handle the situation for the sake of your credibility and your relationship with your constituents? The same is true in learning. There will be times when you become frustrated and when you become upset at the feedback that you receive. Upon the retirement of long-time CEO Steve Ballmer, Nadella is only the third chief executive to head the mega-giant founded and led by Bill Gates for so many years.

But in his first email to employees, Nadella clearly set the tone for what is to come. Earning and sustaining personal credibility—the very foundation of exemplary leadership—demands it. And who better to help us understand how to develop courage than Bill Treasurer, former captain of the U.

Growing Deeper, Getting Stronger

K eynoting at The Leadership Challenge Forum , Bill will take the stage to engage participants in learning how to become more personally courageous and discover how to inspire more courageous behavior among those we lead. A daredevil athlete who, for seven years, traveled the world performing over high dives from heights that scaled to over feet—sometimes on fire! Department of Veterans Affairs. A high-spirited keynote speaker who has shared his risk-taking experiences and courageous insights with groups across the country, Bill is the author of several books, including the international best-seller Courage Goes to Work , and the off-the-shelf facilitator training program published by Wiley , Courageous Leadership: Honesty with yourself and others produces a level of humility that earns you credibility.

People like people who show they are human. Admitting mistakes and being open to accepting new ideas and new learning communicates that you are willing to grow. It does something else as well. It promotes a culture of honesty and openness. Hubris is the killer disease in leadership. All evil leaders have been infected with the disease of hubris, becoming bloated with an exaggerated sense of self and pursuing their own sinister ends. How then to avoid it? Humility is the way to resolve the conflicts and contradictions of leadership.

Leadership is also a performing art, and the best leaders also have coaches. The coach might be someone from inside or outside of the organization. This person might be a peer, a manager, a trainer, or someone with specific expertise in what you are trying to learn. Coaches can play a number of roles. The most obvious is to watch you perform, give you feedback, and offer suggestions for improvement. But effective coaches can also be a very valuable source of social support, which is essential to resilience and persistence.

Support is especially important when people are being asked to change their behavior. When you return to work after training, your initial enthusiasm can be quickly crushed if there is no one around to offer words of encouragement. Every leader needs someone to lean on from time to time. Your coach should be able to offer you not only advice but also attention and caring. The best coaches are good listeners.

In fact, they watch and listen about twice as much as they teach and tell. And of all the items used to measure coaching behavior, the one most linked to success is: Many organizations have an honest desire to develop more and better leaders. Yet despite the noblest of intentions many, if not most, also fall short. While some individuals may show improvement, the collective effort either never takes hold or fizzles out after a relatively short time.

And as you read along, consider from your experience what the biggest culprits you have found that get in the way of leaders developing to their full potential. Managers, from senior level on down, simply fail to tell their people they expect them to lead. There are typically a few other categories, e. Finally, there may be an add-on category about leadership development, frequently embedded somewhere in the self-development objectives.

This, unfortunately, is how too many managers rationalize that they are, in fact, clarifying their expectations around leadership. But the communicated message is clear: Everything is a high priority these days. And everyone is expected to meet ever-growing expectations. Otherwise, those development efforts will inevitably slip between the cracks. So the question for leaders is this: Assuming the expectation to lead is clearly made, there is a great deal of confusion about what it actually means. Because many organizations have not adopted a clear, concise, definable, model of leadership.

Despite what some organizational leaders seem to believe—that leadership is an esoteric, philosophical list of academic concepts—a well-grounded leadership model allows everyone, in any position throughout the organization, to know exactly what leadership looks like, what people do when they are leading, and how it differs from other activities. While some competencies are more directly tied to leadership than others, they generally cover broad knowledge areas such as financial acumen, strategic agility, business savvy, and communications.

But having a competency model in place is just a starting point. For example, being competent at people development and having a cross-boundary mindset will no doubt be tremendous assets to rising leaders. However, those descriptors fail to explain what the leader must be doing on a day-to-day basis to fully develop these competencies.

With its evidenced-based research and its immediate, hands-on applicability, the model is like an instruction manual for creating higher performing teams, increasing employee engagement, and inspiring people to do their very best work — all key outcomes of leadership. And with constantly changing circumstances, it must be reinforced time and time again. One ILA client organization has done a remarkable job emphasizing the importance of leadership. Like many, they suffered financially during the downturn.

But they weathered the storm and learned an invaluable lesson: This meant developing leaders, regardless of title or position, who were willing and able to tackle tough problems, proactively respond to uncontrollable changes, and develop innovative solutions or breakthroughs ideas. They now view leadership development as a key strategy that will help ensure continued prosperity and future success. Fatal Flaw 4 - the last of the culprits impeding leadership development efforts is the most obvious—and the one receiving the most attention.

It is the lack of ongoing follow-through. To ensure that people grow and develop as effective leaders, there must be an intentional, purposeful, and sustained effort that is a key organizational strategy. It has to be more than an annual self-development objective to read a book or attend a workshop on the subject. It has to be something for which people are held accountable every single day.

Many organizations have invested heavily in systems and processes designed to keep people constantly focused on financial or project performance objectives. Formal meetings or casual drop-ins throughout the day focus on project status and problems, new opportunities to increase sales, or innovative steps to overcome obstacles. But can the same be said about the focus on leadership?

Yet, the movement of up and coming leaders or other key talent through the development funnel might be discussed once or twice a year. So in much the same way organizations keep everyone mindful of the importance of financial and operational essentials, it is equally important to help everyone remain mindful of some of the most important aspects of leadership. In order that strategic leadership development efforts take hold, organizations must be thoughtful and intentional about the systems and support mechanisms needed to reinforce its value.

Of course, individuals are still responsible for continuing to learn and practice more effective leadership behaviors. But organizational support is essential. Setting clear expectations about leadership, clearly defining it, establishing context, and providing ongoing support are the fundamentals for a successful organization-wide leadership development process. Holding others accountable means that you hold yourself accountable first. Take one specific week to work on just this skill.

At the end of each day, use your scheduler or your to-do notes to remind yourself of what you did. Create four columns on a page of paper. Understanding your own behavior makes you more aware of opportunities to hold others accountable for adhering to the standards. Take this activity one step further. Share it with your employees and ask them to repeat the same thing you did. Meet with each of them to learn about their results. What is this leadership? It was the 27 th of December and we were camped under the corrugated roof of a derelict house in the tiny village of Paso Marcos, in the Cartago Province of Costa Rica.

Cartago lies in the Central Eastern belt of the country, running from the central mountainous spine toward the Caribbean and the Province of Limon. For this adventure, I had put together a team of four people including Urbano and myself, Martin Veregas, a local farmer, and Henrietta Stavely from England. At this time, our team had trekked kilometres through rain and cloud forest, crossing the Talamanca mountains at an altitude of 3, metres whilst often staying in Cabecar settlements and hunting camps along the way.

As the rain beat a thunderous rhythm, I explored with Urbano the values and concepts at the core of the Cabecar, a population of around 20, whose culture has remained little changed for years. Despite knowing Urbano for a decade, I had made assumptions about Cabecar leadership that my friend quickly dispelled. He explained that there was no word for leadership in the Cabecar language, and no word for love either.

This described the relationship between Caciques chiefs and their communities, husbands and wives, as well as parents and children alike.

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The more we chatted, it became clear that there was little, if any, conceptual understanding of leadership and I became even more intrigued. Every spare moment for the rest of the trip Urbano and I discussed the values and structure of the Cabecar. Loading my gear onto the horse Urbano and Jami had brought, we were soon striding through the rainforest on the way to the area of the Pacuare Valley in which the Jameikari community live.

Soon we were sitting by his palenque [1] , discussing the days ahead that were to include my real first-hand introduction to important aspects of Cabecar traditions. The next day passed quickly as I attended a community gathering before packing the few things I was allowed to take with me for my tribal initiation.

In order to understand the fabric of the Cabecar culture, I had asked to experience elements of the initiation that teenage boys complete for a month at a time as part of their transition to manhood. This tradition centres on living in the forest, within clearly defined rules, whilst being guided by a mentor. Urbano would be my mentor for my truncated initiation. The only food we could bring was coffee and bananas and I must leave all modern conveniences and pleasures behind, even books.

In fact, I had to be given express permission to bring a mosquito net as I had contracted malaria on a previous trip. Urbano showed me places special to his father and the Jameikari and began to explain the traditions, beliefs and structures that have supported the Cabecar over the centuries.

It was during this walk that he introduced me to the core values of Madre Tierra, fuego, agua y ninos Mother Earth, fire, water, and children. And later on, whenever I asked any Cabecar about the valores of the Cabecar, everyone gave me the same answer, whether child or elder. During this time, I was taught to hunt and fish, and to identify edible and medicinal plants and fruits--important technical skills but seen as secondary to understanding the relationship of self and the Cabecar to the forest.

Through the blackness of night, we sang Cabecar songs to the forest around us and I was strongly encouraged to reflect upon my identity, my relationship with the forest and the ecological web that wound through it and what that relationship might be in the future. Although highly rational and non-spiritual by nature, I found the process deeply affecting and effective in bringing clarity around my motives and values. While my mentoring during this brief initiation may have been informal and unstructured, I reached a profound understanding that I believe other forms of inquiry could not have delivered.

It was a gentle but lively affair with dustbins full of fermented banana or maize alcohol, called chicha , being consumed.