The Rector

Rector (academia)

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The titular head of an ancient university in Scotland is the Chancellor , who appoints a Vice-Chancellor to deputise in the awarding of degrees. The Principal of each university is, by convention , appointed as Vice-Chancellor, however the position of Vice-Chancellor does not confer any other powers or responsibility on the Principal. The authority to serve as chief executive of each university is vested in the office of Principal, who holds both offices referred to as Principal and Vice-Chancellor.

The role of the rector is considered by many students [ by whom? To some extent the office of rector has evolved into more of a figurehead role, with a significant number of celebrities and personalities elected as rectors, such as Stephen Fry and Lorraine Kelly at Dundee , Clarissa Dickson Wright at Aberdeen , and John Cleese and Frank Muir at St.

Andrews , and political figures, such as Mordechai Vanunu at Glasgow. In many cases, particularly with high-profile rectors, attendance at the university court in person is rare; [ citation needed ] the Rector nominates an individual normally a member of the student body with the title of Rector's Assessor , who sits as a voting member of the University Court. Gordon Brown , the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , was Rector of the University of Edinburgh while a student there, but since then most universities have amended their procedures to disqualify currently matriculated students from standing for election.

The rector of the University of Dundee is the long-distance cyclist Mark Beaumont. It is not strange to see them appear in the media, especially when some academic-related subject is being discussed and their opinion is requested. Usually, when running for the election the rector will need to have chosen the vice-rectors vicerrectores in Spanish who will occupy several sub-offices in the university. Rectors are elected directly by free and secret universal suffrage of all the members of the university, including students, lecturers, readers, researchers, and civil servants. However, the weight of the vote in each academic sector is different: Spanish law allows those percentages to be changed according to the situation of each university, or even not to have a direct election system.

Indeed, in a few universities the Rector is chosen indirectly; the members of the modern Claustro a sort of electoral college or parliament in which all the above-mentioned groups are represented is chosen first, and then the Claustro selects the Rector.

Rectors hold their office for four years before another election is held, and there is no limit to the number of re-election terms. However, only the most charismatic and respected rectors have been able to hold their office for more than two or three terms. Of those, some have been notable Spanish scholars, such as Basque writer Miguel de Unamuno , Rector of the University of Salamanca from until Rektor is the title for the highest-ranked administrative and educational leader for an academic institution, such as a primary school, secondary school, private school, high school, college or university.

The rektors of state-run colleges and universities are formally appointed by the government, i.

The adjunct of a rektor at a university is called a prorektor and is appointed by the institution's board. In the older universities, Uppsala university and Lund university , the rektor is titled rector magnificus men , or rectrix magnifica women. Younger universities have in more recent years started using the Latin honorary title in formal situations, such as in honorary speeches or graduation ceremonies.

The University Chancellor of Sweden was until the title of the head of the government accrediting agency, the National Agency for Higher Education. From , this position carries the title Director General which is the usual title of the head of a government agency. The people recruited to the position have in later times always been former vice-chancellors presidents of a Swedish university.

The position does not include leadership of a university. The heads of the universities in Switzerland , usually elected by the college of professors, are titled rector Rektor , recteur. The rector's deputies are known as "pro-rectors". Individual departments of a university called faculties are headed by deans. As in most Commonwealth and British-influenced countries, the term "rector" is not commonly used in Canada.

Rector: Professor Dr. Ulrich Radtke

Quebec's universities, both francophone e. In addition, the historically French-Catholic, and now bilingual, Saint Paul University in Ottawa , Ontario uses the term to denote its head. Boniface College, the French College of the University of Manitoba, uses 'recteur' or 'rectrice' to designate the head of the College. At the bilingual University of Ottawa , the term president has been used since , but before that time rector was used for the English name; however, recteur or rectrice continues to be used as the French term for the head of the university.

Queen's University Kingston, Ontario uses the term "rector". The term refers to a member of the student body elected to work as an equal with the chancellor and principal. The terms "president" and "chancellor" are used for the chief executive of some universities and university systems, depending on the institution's statutes some state university systems have both presidents of constituent colleges and a chancellor of the overall system, or vice versa.

Several notable exceptions exist in Virginia: The College of William and Mary also has a "Chancellor" who acts in a ceremonial capacity. As far as American high schools, one notable case is the Rector of St. In the University of California system, each of the ten campuses are headed by a chancellor, however the leader of the system is given the title "president". From , the head of the school that was to become Yale University was termed the "rector".

As head of Yale College , Thomas Clap was both the last to be called "rector" — and the first to be referred to as president — Modern custom omits the use of the term "rector" and identifies Abraham Pierson as the first Yale president — Clap is construed to have been the fifth in the sequence of men who were Yale's leaders.

Several Catholic colleges and universities, particularly those run by religious orders of priests such as the Jesuits used to employ the term "rector" to refer to the school's chief officer. In many cases, the rector was also the head of the community of priests assigned to the school, so the two posts — head of the university and local superior of the priests — were merged in the role of rector See "Ecclesiastical rectors" below.

This practice is no longer followed, as the details of the governance of most of these schools have changed.

At the University of Notre Dame , the title "rector" is used for those in charge of individual residence halls. The term "rector" is uncommon in Australian academic institutions. The executive head of an Australian university has traditionally been given the British title Vice-Chancellor, although in recent times the American term President has also been adopted.

The term rector is used by some academic institutions, such as the University of Melbourne residential college, Newman College; the private boys' school, Xavier College; and the University of Sydney residential college, St John's College Benedictine. The title rector is sometimes used for the head of a subordinate and geographically separate campus of a university. The title is used in New Zealand for the headmaster of some independent schools, such as Lindisfarne College and St. In Mauritius the term 'rector' is used to designate the head of a secondary school. The heads of certain Indian boarding schools are called rectors.

The head or principal of a Catholic school in India is also called a rector. In this Commonwealth nation, the term Rektor is used to refer to the highest administrative official in several universities and higher education institutions in Malaysia, such as the International Islamic University Malaysia in Gombak and the Universiti Teknologi MARA in Perak.

A Rektor is comparable to the position of Naib Canselor , or vice-chancellor, in other higher education institutions, as the Rektor answers to the Canselor. The term rector Burmese: Each university department is headed by a professor, who is responsible to the rector. Nowadays, given the large dimensions of some universities, the position of pro-rector has emerged, just below that of the rector. Pro-rectors are in charge of managing particular areas of the university, such as research or undergraduate education. The rector typically sits as chair of the university board of trustees.

He exercises policy-making, general academic, managerial, and religious functions over all university academic and non-academic staff. During the Spanish colonial period, on May 20, , a royal order from Queen Isabella II gave the Rector Magnificus of the University of Santo Tomas the power to direct and supervise all the educational institutions in the Philippines and thus, the Rector of the University became the ex officio head of the secondary and higher education in the Philippines.

All diplomas issued by other schools were approved by the Rector of the University and examinations leading to the issuance of such diplomas were supervised by the professors of the University of Santo Tomas. The term rector is not widely used to refer to the highest executive position in Thai universities Thai: Athikan Bodi , compared to the term president.

Thammasat University adopts this term for this position to reflect its tradition associated with the French education system where Pridi Banomyong , Thammasat's founding father was educated. Except Assumption University , the only International Catholic University in Thailand, the position of the head of the executives and administrators of the institute is "rector".

A decade after the present rector assume his duty, the title of Rector Magnificus was bestowed on Rev.

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The term rector is used to refer to the highest official of universities, and university-owned high schools e. Facultad has its own dean. The term rector Portuguese: Reitor is used to refer to the highest official of universities in Brazil. Each faculty is headed by a director, who is under the authority of the rector. Nowadays, given the large size of some universities, the position of pro-rector has emerged below that of the rector. The pro-rector is in charge of managing a particular area of the university, such as research or undergraduate education. A rector who has resigned is often given the title rector emeritus.

One who temporarily performs the functions usually fulfilled by a rector is styled a pro-rector in parishes, administrator. Deputies of rectors in institutions are known as vice-rector s in parishes, as curates, assistant - or associate rectors, etc. In some universities the title vice-rector has, like vice-chancellor in many Anglo-Saxon cases, been used for the de facto head when the essentially honorary title of rector is reserved for a high externa dignitary; until , there was such a vice-recteur at the Parisian Sorbonne as the French Minister of Education was its nominal recteur.

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The rector

Ancient university governance in Scotland. Rector Magnificus of the University of Santo Tomas. Archived from the original on 4 February Thus, the tithes of a parish are the legal property of the person who holds the office of rector, and are not the property of his vicar, who is not an office-holder but a mere employee, remunerated by a stipend, i. Thus, a parish vicar is the vicarious agent of his rector, whilst, higher up the scale, the Pope is called the Vicar of Christ , acting vicariously for the ultimate superior in the ecclesiastical hierarchy.

The Code of Canon Law , for the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, explicitly mentions as special cases three offices of rectors:. However, these are not the only officials who exercise their functions using the title of rector. Since the term rector refers to the function of the particular office, a number of officials are not referred to as rectors even though they are rectors in actual practice.

The diocesan bishop, for instance, is himself a rector, since he presides over both an ecclesiastical organization the diocese and an ecclesiastical building his cathedral. In many dioceses, the bishop delegates the day-to-day operation of the cathedral to a priest, who is often incorrectly called a rector but whose specific title is plebanus or "people's pastor", especially if the cathedral operates as a parish church. Therefore, because a priest is designated head of a cathedral parish, he cannot be both rector and pastor, as a rector cannot canonically hold title over a parish c.

As a further example, the pastor of a parish parochus is pastor not rector over both his parish and the parish church.

Rector’s Role and Key Responsibilities

Finally, a president of a Catholic university is rector over the university and, if a priest, often the rector of any church that the university may operate, on the basis that it is not a canonical establishment of a parish c. In some religious congregations of priests, rector is the title of the local superior of a house or community of the order. For instance, a community of several dozen Jesuit priests might include the pastor and priests assigned to a parish church next door, the faculty of a Jesuit high school across the street, and the priests in an administrative office down the block.

However, the community as a local installation of Jesuit priests is headed by a rector. Rector general is the title given to the superior general of certain religious orders, e. There are some other uses of this title, such as for residence hall directors, such as Father George Rozum CSC, at the University of Notre Dame which were once and to some extent still are run in a seminary-like fashion.

Office of the Rector

This title is used similarly at the University of Portland , another institution of the Congregation of Holy Cross. The Pope is called "rector of the world" during the discontinued papal coronation ceremony that was once part of the papal inauguration. Permanent rector is an obsolete term used in the United States prior to the codification of the Code of Canon Law. Canon Law grants a type of tenure to pastors parochus of parishes, giving them certain rights against arbitrary removal by the bishop of their diocese. Hence, many older parishes list among their early leaders priests with the postnominal letters "P.

This practice was discontinued and today priests are normally assigned as pastors of parishes, and bishops in practice reassign them at will though there are still questions about the canonical legality of this. In Anglican churches, a rector is a type of parish priest. Historically, parish priests in the Church of England consisted of rectors, vicars , and perpetual curates. Parish churches and their incumbent clergy were supported by tithes , a form of local tax levied on the personal as well as agricultural output of the parish.

A rector received direct payment of both the greater and lesser tithes of his parish, whilst a vicar received only the lesser tithes the greater tithes going to the lay holder, or impropriator , of the living. A perpetual curate held the Cure of souls in an area which had not yet been formally or legally constituted as a parish, and received neither greater nor lesser tithes, but only a small stipend in return for his duties. Perpetual curates tended to have a lower social status, and were often quite poorly remunerated.

Quite commonly, parishes that had a rector as priest also had glebe lands attached to the parish. The rector was then responsible for the repair of the chancel of his church — the part dedicated to the sacred offices — while the rest of the building was the responsibility of the parish. This rectorial responsibility persists, in perpetuity, with the occupiers of the original rectorial land where it has been sold.

This is called chancel repair liability , and affects institutional, corporate and private owners of land once owned by around 5, churches in England and Wales.

Rector (ecclesiastical) - Wikipedia

The traditional titles of rector and vicar continue in English use today, although the roles and the conditions of employment are now essentially the same. Which of the titles is held by the parish priest is largely historical, some parishes having a rector and others a vicar.

Owing to the origins of the terms, parishes with a rector are often of more notable historical importance or prominence than parishes with a vicar. The title of perpetual curate was abolished in However, "Priest-in-charge" is now a common third form of title in the contemporary Church of England, and is applied to the parish priest of a parish in which presentation to the living has been suspended - a process by which the bishop takes temporary responsibility for the appointment of the parish priest, regardless of who holds the legal rights of patronage in that parish.

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