A Green Bay Tree
Contents:
With experience these characters can be useful, but in fact the number of species for which this method is reliable for beginners is relatively small, and then only for mature trees. The attempt to simplify identification for beginners in this way leads to frequent errors and misconceptions as lessons learned in error are passed on to students, who ultimately teach the errors to others.
Most notable in this regard are crack willow Salix fragilis which is often misidentified as black willow Salix nigra and the ashes Fraxinus , all frequently misidentified on the basis of the bark. Growth form or characters of the mature bark are used only sparingly within this key for a few species such as Ulmus thomasi , that are otherwise very difficult to identify in the absence of flowers or fruit.
flourish like a green bay tree
The only reliable way to regularly identify trees or any other organisms correctly is to learn to recognize a set of diagnostic characteristics that have been confirmed by use over a wide area and a large number of individuals. The mechanism most often employed for learning these characteristics is the dichotomous key, in which the user is presented with two exclusive alternatives e. That choice leads to another set of two alternatives, and so on, until the user reaches an answer.
With practice it becomes second nature to quickly narrow the possibilities to a small subset of species, within which a few critical characters can be examined to conclude the identification. This key is based largely on characters long recognized by previous botanists. It offers as refinements a set of species reduced to include only the trees of Wisconsin, numerous photographs intended to illustrate characters employed in the key, and emphasis on the specific characters that I have found to be effective in Wisconsin over the last 25 years.
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The style of the web-based key with only two alternatives on each page allows adequate space for more supporting information to be provided at each node of the key for difficult choices. The key is highly artificial, although I tried to keep the species of a genus together where possible. It depends mainly on vegetative characters, especially those of the leaves and twigs.
The use of characters based on flowers and fruits can make the job of identification much easier, but they are typically present for only a brief period, are present only on mature individuals and may be resticted to the upper portions of the tree, beyond the reach of the botanist. Their use as primary characters has been avoided, but they are sometimes provided as supplementary characters and can be extremely helpful when flowers are present.
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Trees of Wisconsin- UW-Green Bay Cofrin Center for Biodiversity
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