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Conceptually, GuMNet intends to convert a. Cultural Diversity in Compulsory Education: An Overview of the Context of Madrid Spain. This paper examines educational practices in Spain and in particular Madrid. With this contextual frame as the starting point the following issues are discussed: Chemical quality of tap water in Madrid: Chronic consumption of water, which contains contaminants, may give rise to adverse health effects. The Madrid region, covered by the population-based multicase-control MCC- Spain study, includes two drinking water supply areas.
The different sources of the water, coupled together with the possible differences in water management, mean that there may be differences in drinking water quality. In the context of the MCC study, our aims were to describe contaminant concentrations in tap water drawn from various sampling points distributed around the region, assess these concentrations by reference to guideline values and study possible differences between the two supply areas.
Tap water samples were collected from 34 sampling points in 7 towns in the Madrid region April , and 23 contaminants metals, nitrates, disinfection by-product and Mutagen X levels were quantified. We undertook a descriptive analysis of the contaminant concentrations in the water and compared them between the two water supply areas Wilcoxon test.
We created maps representing the distribution of the concentrations observed at water sampling points and assessed the correlations Spearman's coefficient between the different parameters measured. The concentrations of the contaminants were below guideline values. Located on the Meseta Central , a vast plateau covering about 40 percent of the country, this city of 3 million is very near the exact geographic center of the Iberian Peninsula.
The Meseta is rimmed by mountains and slopes gently to the west and to the series of rivers that form the boundary with Portugal. The plateau is mostly covered with dry grasslands, olive groves and forested hills. Madrid is situated in the middle of the Meseta, and at an elevation of meters 2, feet above sea level is the highest capital city in Europe. To the northwest of Madrid , and visible in the upper left of the image, is the Sistema Central mountain chain that forms the 'dorsal spine' of the Meseta and divides it into northern and southern subregions.
Rising to about 2, meters 8, feet , these mountains display some glacial features and are snow-capped for most of the year.
Offering almost year-round winter sports, the mountains are also important to the climate of Madrid. Three visualization methods were combined to produce this image: The shade image was derived by computing topographic slope in the northwest-southeast direction. North-facing slopes appear bright and south-facing slopes appear dark. Color coding is directly related to topographic height, with green at the lower elevations, rising through yellow and brown to white at the highest elevations.
The shade image was combined with the radar intensity image in the flat areas. SRTM was designed to. The Public Health General Directorate of Madrid has developed a health vulnerability mapping methodology to assist regional social health teams in health planning, prioritisation and intervention based on a model of social determinants of health and an equity approach. This process began with the selection of areas with the worst social indicators in health vulnerability. Then, key stakeholders of the region jointly identified priority areas of intervention and developed a consensual plan of action.
We present the outcomes of this experience and its connection with theoretical models of asset-based community development, health-integrated georeferencing systems and community health interventions. Santos, Olga Cristina, Ed. The conference held in Madrid , Spain , July , , follows the seven previous editions London , Memphis , Chania ,…. To establish typologies within Madrid 's citizens Spain with regard to end-of-life by cluster analysis. A multiple correspondence analysis technique was used, followed by a cluster analysis to create a dendrogram.
A cross-sectional study was made beforehand with the results of the questionnaire. Five clusters stand out. The following four clusters stood out. Clusters 2 and 4 would like to receive palliative care, euthanasia 2 and assisted suicide 4. Clusters 4 and 5 regularly practiced their faith and their family members did not receive palliative care.
When will we ever learn to hate the sin instead of the sinner? The method takes into account costs associated with losses in working time, mortality and human suffering; calculated using an impact pathway approach linked to CORINAIR emissions. This prohibition can be waived in cases of extreme hardship, but only once someone has left the country. Alonso, Rocio; Vivanco, Marta G. A group of individuals posing as Palmetto Electric representatives have been contacting Hispanic customer on there cell phones and land lines in the community to falsely claim that their electric bill is past due and will be disconnected if an immediate payment is not made. Les damos las gracias por su arduo trabajo y compromiso.
Clusters 3 and 5 would be opposed to euthanasia and assisted suicide in particular. Clusters 2, 4 and 5 had not completed an advance directive document 2, 4 and 5. Clusters 2 and 3 seldom practiced their faith. This study could be taken into consideration to improve the quality of end-of-life care choices. Modelling the influence of peri-urban trees in the air quality of Madrid region Spain.
Alonso, Rocio; Vivanco, Marta G. Tropospheric ozone O 3 is considered one of the most important air pollutants affecting human health. The emissions were derived from the EMEP database for Land use data and the stomatal conductance model included in CHIMERE were modified according to the latest information available for the study area. Two cases were considered for the period April-September The results show that El Pardo forest constitutes a sink of O 3 since removing this green area increased O 3 levels over the modified area and over down-wind surrounding areas.
International Conference on Education and New Developments. Conference Proceedings Madrid , Spain , June , Education, as an important right in our contemporary world, began since we exist. Knowledge and skills were passed by adults to the young, and cultures began to extend their experiences through various…. We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends , taking place in Madrid , Spain , from 26 to 28 of April. Our efforts and active engagement can now be rewarded with these three days of exciting new developments about what we are passionate about: Psychology and its connections.
Drugs of abuse, cytostatic drugs and iodinated contrast media in tap water from the Madrid region central Spain: A case study to analyse their occurrence and human health risk characterization. This work analyses the presence of forty-eight emerging pollutants, including twenty-five drugs of abuse and metabolites, seventeen cytostatic drugs and six iodinated contrast media, in tap water from the Madrid Region. Analysis of the target compounds in the tap water was performed by means of on-line or off-line solid-phase extraction followed by analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
A preliminary human health risk characterization was undertaken for each individual compound and for different groups of compounds with a common mechanism of action found in tap water. The results of the study showed the presence of eight out of the twenty-five drugs of abuse and metabolites analysed, namely, the cocainics cocaine and benzoylecgonine, the amphetamine-type stimulants ephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methamphetamine, the opioid methadone and its metabolite 2-ethylene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine and, finally caffeine at concentrations ranging from 0.
Four out of the six analysed iodinated contrast media, namely, diatrizoate, iohexol, iomeprol and iopromide, were detected in at least one sample, with concentration values varying between 0. Cytostatic compounds were not detected in any sample. Caffeine was the substance showing the highest concentrations, up to ng L -1 , mainly in the drinking water sampling point located in Madrid city. Among the other drugs of abuse, the most abundant compounds were cocaine and benzoylecgonine, detected at concentrations ranging from 0. Taking into account the results and types of treatment applied, ozonisation plus granular activated carbon filtration appears to be.
Adherence to nutritional recommendations in vending machines at secondary schools in Madrid Spain , To describe the nutritional content of products offered in food and drink vending machines at secondary schools in the Madrid Autonomous Community Spain , and to evaluate these items' adherence to the nutritional recommendations of the National Health System Consensus Document on School Food. Cross-sectional study of a sample of secondary schools in Madrid across the period Secondary school vending machines were identified by telephone interview. The products offered in a representative sample of six machines were identified by inspection in situ, and their nutritional composition was obtained from the labelling.
A total of The recommendation relating to sugar content registered the highest level of non-compliance, with The mean number of unmet criteria was 2. Compulsory nutritional criteria and a procedure for monitoring adherence should be established, specifying those responsible for performing this task and the corrective measures to be applied in the event of non-compliance. Traffic light — nutrition labelling: Directory of Open Access Journals Sweden. Full Text Available Introduction: Describe knowledge, comprehension level, perception and use of traffic light labelling in consumers of Madrid.
A two phases, cross-sectional study design, carried out in Madrid , in Our sample was recruited randomly, and interviewed using a questionnaire designed for this purpose. Consumers of 7 stores of main supermarket chains in Madrid were questioned. Information about knowledge, comprehension, perception and use of traffic light labelling TLL was collected. Analyses examined the frequency of the variables of interest. The response rate was Consumers that knew the TLL and understood its color-coding system were From the participants that knew the TLL system, This percentage was higher in consumers that understood the color-coding system second phase Thallium occurrence and partitioning in soils and sediments affected by mining activities in Madrid province Spain.
Thallium Tl and its compounds are toxic to biota even at low concentrations but little is known about Tl concentration and speciation in soils. An understanding of the source, mobility, and dispersion of Tl is necessary to evaluate the environmental impact of Tl pollution cases. In this paper, we examine the Tl source and dispersion in two areas affected by abandoned mine facilities whose residues remain dumped on-site affecting to soils and sediments of natural water courses near Madrid city Spain.
Total Tl contents and partitioning in soil solid phases as determined by means of a sequential extraction procedure were also examined in soils along the riverbeds of an ephemeral and a permanent streams collecting water runoff and drainage from the mines wastes. Lastly, electronic microscopy and cathodoluminescence probe are used as a suitable technique for Tl elemental detection on thallium-bearing phases. Tl was found mainly bound to quartz and alumino-phyllosilicates in both rocks and examined soils.
Besides, Tl was also frequently found associated to organic particles and diatom frustules in all samples from both mine scenarios. These biogenic silicates may regulate the transfer of Tl into the soil-water system. Happiness on the street: Overall happiness among homeless people in Madrid Spain. This article tests a hypothesized model of overall happiness among homeless people in Spain. Information was gathered using a structured interview.
The results obtained show that around half of the homeless people in Madrid said that they were happy. A positive meta-stereotype and a better perceived general health were associated with a higher overall happiness, while feelings of loneliness were associated with a lower overall happiness. Happiness also showed a significant effect on future expectations.
Disabilities and handicaps had a significant effect on perceived general health, which was in turn associated with overall happiness among homeless people. Population cardiovascular health and urban environments: A mixed-methods approach was used to better understand the food, alcohol, tobacco and physical activity domains of the urban environment. Methods We conducted this study in an area of 16, residents in Madrid Spain.
We obtained cardiovascular health and risk factors data from all residents aged 45 and above using Electronic Health Records from the Madrid Primary Health Care System. We used several quantitative audit tools to assess: We also conducted 11 qualitative interviews with key informants to help understanding the relationships between urban environment and cardiovascular behaviors. We integrated quantitative and qualitative data following a mixed-methods merging approach.
Residents highlighted the importance of these small stores for buying healthy foods. Neighbors emphasized the importance of drinking as a socialization mechanism. Public open spaces were mostly used by seniors that remarked the importance of accessibility to these spaces and the availability of destinations to walk to. Conclusion This experience allowed testing and refining. Full Text Available The carbonate stones that make up the four fountains of the 18th century located in the Paseo del Prado of Madrid Spain are studied.
The documentary search in historical archives, together with the petrographic, cartographic and paleontological studies permitted to determine that the fountains have been built with dolostone of the Castrojimeno Formation, with gastropods of the Trochactaeon Lamarcki specie of the Santonian Upper Cretaceous. The petrophysical properties of this dolostone effective porosity, bulk density, mercury intrusion porosity, ultrasound wave propagation velocity, micro-roughness and color have been calculated and compared with Colmenar de Oreja limestone.
Each of the four fountains has a circular pylon at the base, a central column that holds a smaller pylon and is topped by a sculpture that serves as a spout. A bomb destroyed three ashlars of the basal pylon, column, small pylon and the sculpture of the SE fountain, during the Spanish Civil War, in These damaged elements were replaced by other carved limestones from Colmenar de Oreja in The four sculptures had been replaced in with resin replicas and the originals are preserved in the San Isidro.
The study of the petrophysical properties of the sculptures located in the museum allowed us to determine the decay of different stone types. The analysis of micro-roughness was employed to define that the dissolution effect on the sculptures is different between dolostone and limestone. Influence of the ozone profile above Madrid Spain on Brewer estimation of ozone air mass factor. Estacion de Sondeos Atmosferico ' ' El Arenosillo' '.
The methodology used by Brewer spectroradiometers to estimate the ozone column is based on differential absorption spectroscopy. This methodology employs the ozone air mass factor AMF to derive the total ozone column from the slant path ozone amount. For the calculating the ozone AMF, the Brewer algorithm assumes that the ozone layer is located at a fixed height of 22 km. However, for a real specific site the ozone presents a certain profile, which varies spatially and temporally depending on the latitude, altitude and dynamical conditions of the atmosphere above the site of measurements.
In this sense, this work address the reliability of the mentioned assumption and analyses the influence of the ozone profiles measured above Madrid Spain in the ozone AMF calculations. The approximated ozone AMF used by the Brewer algorithm is compared with simulations obtained using the libRadtran radiative transfer model code.
The results show an excellent agreement between the simulated and the approximated AMF values for solar zenith angle lower than These good results are mainly due to the fact that the altitude of the ozone layer assumed constant by the Brewer algorithm for all latitudes notably can be considered representative of the real profile of ozone above Madrid average value of Extending the usable SZA range is especially relevant for Brewer instruments located at high mid-latitudes. Efficacies of prevention and control measures applied during an outbreak in Southwest Madrid , Spain.
The present mathematical model was able to reproduce the leishmaniasis dynamics in the Madrid outbreak, providing theoretical support based on successful experiences, such as the reduction of human cases in Southwest Madrid , Spain. Use of dendrochronological method in Pinus halepensis to estimate the soil erosion in the South East of Madrid Spain. The rate of soil erosion in pine forests Pinus halepensis located in the Southeast of Madrid has been estimated using dendrochronological analysis based on the change in ring-growth pattern from concentric to eccentric when the root is exposed.
Using 49 roots spread across five inclined areas, it has been found that the length and direction of the hillsides, as well as their vegetation cover affect the rate of erosion, while the slope itself does not. The erosion rates found for the different areas studied vary between 3. These values are between 2 and 3 times greater than those predicted by USLE, for which this equation underestimates soil loss for Central Spain 's Mediterranean conditions.
Nonetheless, both methods using dendrochronology to determine actual soil loss and theoretical prediction with USLE are able to establish the same significant differences among the areas studied, allowing for the comparative estimate of the severity of the area's erosion problem. Full Text Available Leishmaniasis is one of the most important neglected zoonosis and remains endemic in at least 88 developing countries in the world. In addition, anthropogenic environmental changes in urban areas are leading to its emergency world wide.
Zoonotic leishmaniasis control might only be achieved by an integrated approach targeting both the human host and the animal reservoirs, which in certain sylvatic cycles are yet to be identified. Recently, hares have been pointed out as competent reservoirs of Leishmania infantum in Spain , but the role of other lagomorphs has not been clarified. Here, 69 rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus from a natural area in Madrid in which a high density was present were analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence antibody test, IFAT and direct PCR, culture techniques.
Our results suggest that rabbits could play a role of competent reservoir of L. Using an ethnographic analysis carried out in a central Madrid neighbourhood, I will analyze how the experience of insecurity of one sector of the residents, which is shaped in the framework of the general discourse of citizen insecurity, is, however, rooted in a specific life trajectory that indicates socio-cultural and economic keys that have little to do with the causes of insecurity that the hegemonic discourse continually indicates. More generally, I hope to show, with this case study, how anthropological analyses can contribute to the evaluation of public urban policies.
Full Text Available The flagellate protozoan Giardia duodenalis is an enteric parasite causing human giardiasis, a major gastrointestinal disease of global distribution affecting both developing and industrialised countries. In Spain , sporadic cases of giardiasis have been regularly identified, particularly in pediatric and immigrant populations. However, there is limited information on the genetic variability of circulating G.
In this longitudinal molecular epidemiological study we report the diversity and frequency of the G. Confirmation of the infection was performed by direct immunofluorescence and real-time PCR methods. Sociodemographic and clinical features of patients infected with G. Of confirmed positive samples from giardiasis cases a total of G. A large number of multi-locus genotypes were identified in G. The severity of drought has many implications for society, including its impacts on the water supply, water pollution, reservoir management and ecosystem.
However, its impacts on rain-fed agriculture are especially direct. Because of the importance of drought, there have been many attempts to characterize its severity, resulting in the numerous drought indices that have been developed Niemeyer This type of agricultural insurance is named as 'index-based insurance' IBI.
IBI is perceived to be substantially less costly to operate and manage than multiple peril insurance. IBI contracts pay indemnities based not on the actual yield or revenue losses experienced by the insurance purchaser but rather based on realized NDVI values historical data that is correlated with farm-level losses Xiaohui Deng et al.
Definition of when drought event occurs is defined on NDVI threshold values mainly based in statistical parameters, average and standard deviation that characterize a normal distribution. In this work a pasture area at the north of Community of Madrid Spain has been delimited. A statistical analysis of the NDVI histograms at consecutives 46 intervals of that area was applied to search for the best statistical distribution based on the maximum likelihood criteria.
References Kolli N Rao. Index based Crop Insurance. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 1, El barrio de la Chueca of Madrid , Spain: The purpose of this article is to examine and deconstruct the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender LGBT barrio community of Chueca in Madrid , Spain , from political and sociological perspectives. First, we develop a critical framework for understanding the historical, political, social, cultural, and economic changes that took place in Spain after Franco's death in relation to LGBT issues.
Ethnographic research was conducted from May to July in the Spanish cities of Madrid , Barcelona, and Ibiza, and focused primarily on the community of Chueca.
A social constructionist perspective was used to examine sociocultural issues in this ethnosexual community through an in-depth study of the dynamics of this barrio. The theoretical framework of intersectionality and the constitutive relations among social identities is exemplified in Chueca. Hence, individuals in Chueca and their intersectionality perspective reveal that their identities influence and shape their beliefs about gender and symbols.
We describe how Chueca reflects recent progressive changes in LGBT-related laws and statutes drafted by the federal government and how these have influenced the high level of societal acceptance toward intimate same-sex relationships in Spain. Additionally, we exemplify and present Chueca as an enclave that has been affected by the globalization of the private market, "gay" identity, and enterprise, having a direct effect on cultural norms and social behaviors.
Intrinsic and specific vulnerability of groundwater in central Spain: The utility of these methods was tested by analyzing the spatial distribution of nitrate concentrations in the different aquifers located in the study area: Vulnerability maps based on these four indexes showed very similar results, identifying the Quaternary Aquifer and the lower sub-unit of the Moor Limestone Aquifer as deposits subjected to a high risk of nitrate pollution due to intensive agriculture.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, but its spatial distribution is not homogeneous. The objective of this study is to analyze the spatial pattern of mortality from these diseases for men and women, in the populated urban area AUP of the municipality of Madrid , and to identify spatial aggregations.
An ecological study was carried out by census tract, for men and women in The results were mapped. SMR higher than 1. Moran's I was 0. The LISA method showed similar patterns to those previously observed. Policies restricting access to sugary drinks and unhealthy foods in the school environment are associated with healthier consumption patterns. In , Spain approved a Consensus Document regarding Food at Schools with nutritional criteria to improve the nutritional profile of foods and drinks served at schools.
The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of food and drink vending machines at secondary schools in Madrid , the products offered at them and their nutritional profile. Cross-sectional study of a random sample of secondary schools in Madrid in The characteristics of the schools and the existence of vending machines were recorded through the internet and by telephone interview.
The products offered in a representative sample of 6 vending machines were identified by in situ inspection, and its nutritional composition was taken from its labeling. Finally, the nutritional profile of each product was analyzed with the United Kingdom profile model, which classifies products as healthy and less healthy.
The prevalence of vending machines was Among the products offered, Vending machines are common at secondary schools in Madrid.
Most products are vending machines are still less healthy. Regional water footprint and water management: Water resources and water footprint of the production and consumption in Madrid region were estimated, considering blue water water resources , green water soil moisture , grey water polluted water and virtual water water trade in products imported and exported in the region.
Water resources in Madrid relay mainly in surface waters and rainfall, so the periodic occurrence of meteorological droughts implies the scarcity of water supply. The main users of blue water are households, munici Full Text Available Road traffic noise is one of the main concerns of large cities. Most of them have classified their territory in acoustic areas and have constructed strategic noise maps. From both sources we have elaborated seven types of acoustic neighbourhoods according to both their noise gap in regard to the legal standard and the percentage of population exposed to noise.
A spatial Durbin model has been selected as the strategy that best models the impact of noise on housing prices. However, results for Madrid do not confirm the hedonic theory and indicate, as one of the possibilities, that the official acoustic areas in Madrid could be incorrectly designed. Valuation of social and health effects of transport-related air pollution in Madrid Spain.
Social impacts of pollutants from mobile sources are a key element in urban design and traffic planning. One of the most relevant impacts is health effects associated with high pollution periods. Madrid is a city that suffers chronic congestion levels and some periods of very stable atmospheric conditions; as a result, pollution levels exceed air quality standards for certain pollutants.
This paper focuses on the social evaluation of transport-related emissions. A new methodology to evaluate those impacts in monetary terms has been designed and applied to Madrid. The method takes into account costs associated with losses in working time, mortality and human suffering; calculated using an impact pathway approach linked to CORINAIR emissions. This also allows the calculation of social costs associated with greenhouse gas impacts. As costs have been calculated individually by effect and mode of transport, they can be used to design pricing policies based on real social costs.
This paper concludes that the health and social costs of transport-related air pollution in Madrid is Meuro. In these circumstances, the recent public health tax applied in Madrid is clearly correct and sensible with a fair pricing policy on car use. Mercury in air and plant specimens in herbaria: We present data from a study of mercury concentrations in air and plant specimens from the MAF Herbarium in Madrid Spain. Hg gas emissions from old plant collections treated with mercuric chloride HgCl 2 in herbaria may pose a health risk for staff working in installations of this type.
This is an issue not yet properly addressed. The first group induces high concentrations of Hg gas in the main herbarium room, with seasonal variations of ng m -3 late winter and ng m -3 early summer baseline for Hg: A test survey at another herbarium in Madrid showed even higher concentrations of Hg gas above 40, ng m The World Health Organization guidelines for chronic exposure to Hg gas are estimated at a maximum of ng m While staff was aware of the existence of HgCl 2 treated plants the plant specimen sheets are labelled as 'poisoned' , they had no knowledge of the presence of high Hg gas concentrations in the buildings, a situation that may be relatively common in herbaria.
A multidisciplinar Project to characterize, remediate, monitor and evaluate the risk of contaminated soils in Madrid Spain. Soil contamination can come from diffuse sources air deposition, agriculture, etc. According to data from the EU, in Spain , and particularly for the Autonomous Community of Madrid , it can be considered that heavy metals, toxic organic compounds including Non Aqueous Phases Liquids, NAPLs and combinations of both are the main problem of point sources of soil contamination in our community.
These aspects involve advanced technologies hydrogeology, geophysics, geochemistry, Actually two cases concerning hydrocarbon spills, as representative examples of soil local contamination in Madrid area, are being studied. The first is being remediated and we are monitoring this process to evaluate its effectiveness. In the second location we are defining the extent of contamination in soil and aquifer to define the most effective remediation technique. Defining products for a new health technology assessment agency in Madrid , Spain: The aim of this study was to explore the needs and requirements of decision makers in our regional healthcare system for health technology assessment HTA products to support portfolio development planning for a new HTA agency in Madrid , Spain.
A Delphi study was conducted during Questionnaires were developed based on a review of products and services offered by other agency members of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment, and included preference and prioritization questions to evaluate twenty-two different products and services.
The initial Delphi panel involved eighty-seven experts from twenty-one public hospitals, eleven primary healthcare centers, six private hospitals, and eight departments of the Regional Ministry of Health of the Community of Madrid. The global participation rate was Ten of the twenty-two possible products were rated of high interest by more than 80 percent of respondents.
Important differences in preferences and priorities were detected across different settings. Public hospitals and primary healthcare centers shared a more "micro" perspective, preferring classic technology-centered HTA products, whereas private hospitals and Ministry representatives demanded more "macro" products and services such as organizational model and information system assessments.
The high participation rate supports the representativeness of the results for our regional context. The strategic development of an HTA portfolio based on decision makers' needs and requirements as identified in this type of exercise should help achieve a better impact on policy development and decision making. Full Text Available This study reveals the work developed by the nurses of the Hospital general of Madrid Spain in the treatment of the plague, and the training they received for their welfare tasks in the 17th century.
Since the end of the 16th century, nurses knew and implemented a set of techniques and medicines to alleviate the terrible disease of the plague and, despite the scarce knowledge about the disease existing at the time, they sought to prevent the contagion with hygienic and dietary measures, and physical isolation. This study shows through which actions and in which conditions nurses worked to deal with such a terrible disease. All this helps to get a full knowledge of the development of the work done by nurses in the last five centuries and, therefore, to determine the evolution and shaping of the nursing profession in our country.
The Fifth International Symposium on Stem Cell Therapy and Applied Cardiovascular Biotechnology was held on April 24thth, , at the Auditorium of the High Council of Scientific Research of Spain CSIC in Madrid , as a continuation of a series of yearly meetings, organized in an attempt to encourage translational research in this field and facilitate a positive interaction among experts from several countries, along with industry representatives and journalists.
In addition, members of the Task Force of the European Society concerning the clinical investigation of the use of autologous adult stem cells for repair of the heart gathered and discussed an update of the previous consensus, still pending of publication. In this article, we summarize some of the main topics of discussion, the state-of-the-art and latest advances in this field, and new challenges brought up for the near future.
Consumption trends for specific drugs used to treat dementia in the region of Madrid Spain from to Analysing drug consumption in large population groups lets us observe consumption trends and compare them between different settings. Descriptive study of cholinesterase inhibitors N06DA and memantine N06DX01 dispensed in Madrid between and and covered by the Spain 's national health system. Consumption was calculated by analysing changes in DDD defined daily doses to find total and yearly increases. The cost was estimated based on DDD price. Between and , consumption of drugs used to treat dementia increased sixfold.
During this period, cholinesterase inhibitors accounted for The estimated cost rose by a by a factor of 5. Consumption increased in age cohorts up to 86 to 90 5. Consumption of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine gradually increased, but consumption in did not reach levels equivalent to dementia prevalence figures. Pharmaceutical expenditure restraint measures may temporarily slow the cost increase temporarily but if the same trend of consumption persists, costs will rise.
Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus HPV in histological sections of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma in Madrid , Spain. Human Papillomavirus HPV genotype distribution and co-infection occurrence was studied in cervical specimens from the city of Madrid Spain , as a contribution to the knowledge of Human Papillomavirus genotype distribution and prevalence of carcinogenic HPV types in cervical lesions in Spain. We detected 20 different HPV types: HPV 18 was only detected in 5. Co-infections were found in As our study shows the current tetravalent vaccine could be effective in our geographical area for preventing all the invasive cervical carcinomas.
In addition, upon the estimates of the important presence of other HR-HPV types — such as 31, 58, 33 and 52 — in different preneoplasic lesions the effectiveness of HPV vaccination in our geographical area, and others with similar genotype distribution, should be limited. Hepatitis B virus infection and vaccine-induced immunity in Madrid Spain. To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus HBV infection and vaccine-induced immunity in the region of Madrid , and to analyze their evolution over time.
An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out in the population aged years between and This was the last of four seroprevalence surveys in the region of Madrid. The prevalence of HBV infection and vaccine-induced immunity was estimated using multivariate logistic models and were compared with the prevalences in the , and surveys.
In the population aged years, the prevalence of HBV infection was The prevalence of vaccine-induced immunity in the population aged years was Compared with previous surveys, there was a decrease in the prevalence of HBV infection. Based on the prevalence of chronic infection Madrid is a region with low HBV endemicity. Preventive strategies against HBV should especially target the immigrant population. Published by Elsevier Espana. Enhancement of archaeological heritage.
Heritage conservation has a great impact on the economy of a country. The enhancement of archaeological sites is an investment that promotes tourism and culture. The interdisciplinary knowledge of heritage should be the basis of its management. Preventive actions, non-destructive analytical techniques and monitoring for the conservation of these assets should be promoted.
This monument is approximately 70 metres high and metres wide. It was listed as a cultural and monumental heritage site by the regional government of Madrid in The gypsum escarpment housing the dwellings forms part of a lower Miocene unit Madrid Basin. Debris cones with a mixture of debris from the lower, medium and upper units are found at the bottom of the rockwall.
The vulnerability of this monument to atmospheric agents has been studied using "in situ" monitoring techniques of humidity, temperature and rate of rockfalls. Drones have been used for aerial photography in the highest areas of the escarpment and have provided an information network of fractures likely to cause rockfall. To determine the response of these accelerated ageing processes, density, micro-roughness, ultrasound velocities Vp and Vs , air permeability and microscopy measurements were made before, during and after ageing tests.
Geomorphological studies, rates of decay, material characteristics and durability tests indicate that the decay is controlled by the mineralogy, clay content and porosity of the gypsum rock, as well as microclimate, temperature changes and rock fractures. Rockfalls are particularly relevant in the. The different alternatives are presented and the general outline of the solution chosen, as well as a comprehensive list of the materials used. Monitoring of children with acute gastroenteritis in Madrid , Spain , during A structured surveillance study was conducted on children with diarrhea who were hospitalized in Madrid Spain during , in order to describe temporal, geographic, and age-related trends in rotavirus RV strains after the introduction of the RV vaccines in our country.
A total of children were enrolled, with RV being detected in Coinfections were detected mainly with rotavirus, astrovirus and norovirus. The most prevalent rotavirus G type was G1 The G12 genotype appeared for the first time in in Spain , and it has increased to 5. Some uncommon P genotypes, such as P[14] and P[6], both with a low percentage, were found. The samples with G1 G2, G9 and G12 genotypes appeared in all ages, but were significantly higher in children under 2 years old. A long-term structured surveillance is required in the Spanish post vaccine era, in order to determine the prevalence and variability of RV genotypes.
This will especially be needed to distinguish between changes occurring as a result of natural fluctuation in genotype or those changes that could be mediated by population immunity to the vaccines. In addition, it will be necessary to study the impact of the current vaccines on the circulating rotavirus strains and on the overall reduction in the prevalence of rotavirus disease among children in Spain.
To establish the degree of knowledge and adherence to the Spanish National Health System recommendations on nutrition in schools in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Cross-sectional study of a random sample of secondary schools from Madrid , during school year. Information on the characteristics of the schools and the knowledge of the recommendations was collected by internet and telephone interviews, as well as a copy of the school menu. The average number of rations per week offered for each food item and the percentage of schools within the recommended range were calculated.
The overall adherence was obtained as the mean of food items within the range. The supply of rice, pasta, fish, eggs, salad and fruit was lower than recommended, whereas for meat, accompaniment and other desserts was higher. The mean of overall adherence was 6. The degree of adherence to the recommendations was variable, being advised to increase the supply of cereals, eggs, fish, salad and fruit.
Programs for dissemination and implementation of the recommendations, leaded by trained professionals, are required to improve the nutritional value of school menu. Meca 1, Almaden Spain ; Pizarro, J. Geochemical fingerprints and controls in the sediments of an urban river: River Manzanares, Madrid Spain. The geochemical fingerprint of sediment retrieved from the banks of the River Manzanares as it passes through the City of Madrid is presented here. A total of 18 bank-sediment cores were collected along the course of the river, down to its confluence with the Jarama river, to the south-east of Madrid.
Trace and major elements in each sample were extracted following a double protocol: X-ray diffraction was additionally employed to determine the mineralogical composition of the samples. Uni- and multivariate analyses of the chemical data reveal the influence of Madrid on the geochemistry of Manzanares' sediments, clearly manifested by a marked increase in the concentration of typically 'urban' elements Ag, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, downstream of the intersection of the river with the city's perimeter.
The highest concentrations of these elements appear to be associated with illegal or accidental dumping of waste materials, and with the uncontrolled incorporation of untreated urban runoff to the river. The natural matrix of the sediment is characterised by fairly constant concentrations of Ce, La and Y, whereas changes in the lithology intersected by the river cause corresponding variations in Ca-Mg and Al-Na contents. In the final stretch of the river, the presence of carbonate materials seems to exert a strong geochemical control on the amount of Zn and, to a lesser extent, Cu immobilised in the sediments.
This fact suggests that a variable but significant. Phleboviruses detection in Phlebotomus perniciosus from a human leishmaniasis focus in South-West Madrid region, Spain. Phlebotomus-borne PhB- viruses are distributed in large areas of the Old World and are widespread throughout the Mediterranean basin, where recent investigations have indicated that virus diversity is higher than initially suspected. Some of these viruses are causes of meningitis, encephalitis and febrile illnesses. In order to monitor the viral presence and the infection rate of PhB-viruses in a recently identified and well characterized human zoonotic leishmaniasis focus in southwestern Madrid , Spain , a sand fly collection was carried out.
Sand fly insects were collected in four stations using CDC light traps during summer seasons. Screening for Phlebovirus presence both via isolation on Vero cells and via polymerase chain reaction PCR , using degenerated primers targeting a portion of the L segment, was performed. The serological identity and phylogenetic relationships on the three genomic segments of the viral isolates were carried out. Six viral isolates belonging to different serological complexes of the genus Phlebovirus were obtained from fifty pools on a total of P.
Phylogenetic analysis and serological assays allowed the identification of two isolates of Toscana virus TOSV B genotype, three isolates strongly related to Italian Arbia virus ARBV , and one isolate of a novel putative Phlebovirus related to the recently characterized Arrabida virus in South Portugal, tentatively named Arrabida-like virus. Positive male sand fly pools suggested that transovarial or venereal transmission could occur under natural conditions. Our findings highlighted the presence of different Phlebovirus species in the South-West area of the Madrid Autonomous Community where an outbreak of cutaneous and visceral human leishmaniasis has been recently described.
The collection houses a total of type specimens representing 24 taxa belonging to 6 families and 12 genera. There are 22 taxa represented by primary types 19 holotypes, 2 neotypes and 1lectotype and at least one paratype, and only two taxa are exclusively represented by one secondary type paratype. The collection is specially rich in Spanish endemisms. Special attention is deserved by the type series of many subspecies of Podarcis lilfordi described by A.
Lightning-caused fires in Central Spain. Lightning-caused fire occurrence has been modelled for two different Spanish regions, Madrid andAragon, based on meteorological, terrain, and vegetation variables. The model was built on two very contrasting regions, one presenting low number of lightning-caused fires whereas the other presented Validation was assessed through the Receiver Operator Characteristic, showing a good agreement between the modelled probabilities and the reported lightning-caused fires, with an Area Under the Curve around Short term effect of air pollution, noise and heat waves on preterm births in Madrid Spain.
Preterm birth PTB refers to delivery before 37 weeks of gestation and represents the leading cause of early-life mortality and morbidity in developed countries. PTB can lead to serious infant health outcomes. The etiology of PTB remains uncertain, but epidemiologic studies have consistently shown elevated risks with different environmental variables as traffic-related air pollution TRAP. The aim of the study was to evaluate with time series methodology the short-term effect of air pollutants, noise levels and ambient temperature on the number of births and preterm births occurred in Madrid City during the period.
Measurements of Acoustic Pollution in dB A analyzed were: Leqd, equivalent diurnal noise level and Leqn, equivalent nocturnal noise level. Linear trends, seasonality, as well as the autoregressive nature of the series itself were controlled. We added as covariate the day of the week too. Autoregressive over-dispersed Poisson regression models were performed and the environmental variables were included with short-term lags from 0 to 7 days in reference to the date of birth.
Firstly, simple models for the total number of births and preterm births were done separately.
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In a second stage, a model for total births adjusted for preterm births was performed. A total of , births were analyzed. The results of the final models were expressed in relative risks RRs for interquartile increase. We observed evidence of a short term effect at Lag 0, for the following environmental variables analyzed, PM2. Influence of turbidity and clouds on satellite total ozone data over Madrid Spain. Remote Sensing Technology Inst. IMF ; Hernandez, E.
Fisica de la Tierra II. A cluster classification based on solar radiation global, direct and diffuse , cloudiness and aerosol index allow selecting hazy, cloudy, very cloudy and clear days. Thus, the differences between Brewer and satellite total ozone data for each cluster have been analyzed. Finally, the total ozone observations obtained with the GOME instrument show a very smooth dependence with respect to clouds and turbidity, showing a robust retrieval algorithm over these conditions.
Group violence among Latin American immigrant youth has led to ongoing debates in political, legal, and media circles, yet none of those many perspectives has arrived at a solid, empirically supported definition for the phenomenon. This study aims to explore the relationship between the immigrant experience and violent group behavior in youths from Latin America serving prison sentences in Justice Enforcement Centers in the Community of Madrid.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 juveniles, and content analysis was applied to the resulting transcripts, employing Grounded Theory to create an axial codification of intra- and inter-categorical contents, and Delphi panels for quality control. The research team delved into 62 topics, addressing participants' perceptions of the immigrant experience and its effects on five socialization settings neighborhood, school, family, peer group, and significant other , and each one's relationship to violent behavior.
The results led us to believe the young people's immigration experiences had been systematically examined. A lot of people try to rush it, but I was just hoping that [my approval] would come and I knew it would take time. I think the process was pretty easy though. Did you hire an attorney? How long did the process take? From the time I started, it took about a month for me to get my fingerprint appointment notice and then about a month later I got my approval. What kind of information did immigration ask for?
My residence history and my educational information. They also asked how much money I make and spend every year. What do you see as the main benefit of being approved? The best benefit is that I can go to college and that I can be here without being worried about being deported at any time. I applied for my social very soon after I got my work permit and as soon as my social came in the mail I went to the DMV and got my driving permit. Hasta ahora veo que algunas personas lo encuentran muy positivo y no he escuchado a nadie decir que es negativo. Why is it important for you to stay in the US?
People are being killed and things like that make me not want to go back. Where do you see yourself in 5 years? Hopefully I have a degree in whatever career path that I decide to pursue. Juliana Salazar Where are you from? Costa Rica How long have you been in the US? I first came when I was 4, but came here to live permanently at the age of I thought that it was really easy because we hired a lawyer to help us. I think if we had not it would have been really hard. You could apply on the 15th [of August] and I had my appointment the day after. From my first appointment to the approval I waited almost exactly three months.
Educational history like if I had my high school diploma, income and expenses, travel history after and information on where you have been living. Puedo manejar y trabajar sin tener miedo de que me agarren y deporten. This is where I call home so now I feel safe. Because I can get a better education here which means a much better future for me. In 5 years hopefully I will have graduated from college and will have a good job. Proveer un manejo proactivo de las plagas en lugar de un control reactivo de plagas. Usted sigue teniendo derecho a guardar silencio.
Usted tiene derecho a guardar silencio. No tiene que responder a preguntas sobre su estatus migratorio. Si no puede pagar por un abogado, tiene derecho a uno, sin costo. Tiene derecho a guardar silencio. Si quiere, puede decir en voz alta que tiene este derecho. Tiene derecho a negar permiso para que registren su persona, coche o casa. Pregunte si es libre de irse. Si se encuentra bajo arresto, usted tiene derecho a un abogado. Antes de decir o firmar cualquier cosa, pida un abogado. Pregunte a sus vecinos acerca de nuestros doctores, Porcelli, Danenberg y Popky.
Es muy probable que sus vecinos ya sean nuestros pacientes. Este es un proceso largo y puede implicar un riesgo significativo para algunas personas, especialmente aquellas con alergia al huevo y otros problemas de salud. Late last month the FDA approved a new kind of flu vaccine. Flublok, developed by a small company called Protein Sciences, is not only new but also very different from traditional vaccines.
Most flu influenza vaccines are manufactured by growing the virus in chicken eggs. This is a lengthy process and can involve significant risk for some people, especially those with egg allergies and other health issues.
Flublok, on the other hand, is developed using a protein made from insects. Since neither the live virus nor eggs are used in the production of Flublok it can be manufactured faster and without many of the infectious risks associated with traditional vaccine production. This also means that the. It also contains three times the active ingredient of traditional flu vaccines and provides protection against three different flu strains including H1N1 and H3N2.
It also proved Going forward, as with traditional vaccines, Flublok will be updated and evaluated annually by the FDA prior to public use. She explained, "We use advanced scientific technology to make just the active ingredient of the vaccine without any other viral components. This is the first influenza vaccine on the market to do so. So far, this season, over million doses of flu vaccines have been distributed and, while not all of those doses have been administered, there are still reported local shortages of traditional vaccine as well as the liquid version of the popular drug, Tamiflu.
Flublok is currently approved for adults only between the ages of 18 and Ahora tengo mucho tiempo para estar con mi familia y tengo un ingreso estable. Les damos las gracias por su arduo trabajo y compromiso. Las personas de la comunidad. Se requiere del diploma de bachillerato o el GED. Charleston al lado de la Guadalajara 2.
Preparadores de Impuestos Bilingues: C — On January 2nd U.
The process will be effective on March 4. Currently, immigrants who are eligible for legalization because they have a U. An immigrant who has been in the country for more than six months without legal status is banned from returning for either three or ten years once he or she departs. This prohibition can be waived in cases of extreme hardship, but only once someone has left the country. The waiver decision can take months, during which time immigrants. Eligible immigrants will be able to come forward and legalize their status, and husbands, wives and children will not have to risk their lives to get their lawful visas.
All immigrant families should be eligible for a family unity waiver, including the families of legal permanent residents — well on the road to citizenship — who experience equally compelling hardships of lengthy family separation. Los representantes del servicio al cliente pueden ayudarlo a confirmar el pago o balance de su cuenta.
Immigration and Nationality Law Utilize a un abogado autorizado. Las primeras semanas pasaron bien. Luego recibimos una llamada de la maestra de mi hija. A medida que pasaban las semanas su brillante sonrisa y el brillo en sus ojos disminuyeron. I met my daughter Karen's first boyfriend at her music recital. My wife and I found our seats and I went off to speak with friends. When I returned, a teenage boy was sitting in my spot.
My wife smiled sheepishly and introduced me to him. He shook my hand, glancing at me nervously. Maybe it was the weak handshake or the mumbled response. The first weeks passed along fine. She was wandering off with the boy disappearing for periods of time. Our ears perked but we allowed the relationship to continue. Karen started withdrawing from us and began texting into the early morning with this boy. As the weeks passed her bright smile and sparkle in her eyes diminished. One evening, Karen left her phone home. My wife checked her text history. What she discovered was disturbing.
This guy was putting pressure on Karen to become more intimate. They had been dating for five weeks. As time passed the tone of the messages suggested that Karen was caving in. It came to a head on Christmas Eve. She returned from a date with a ridiculously expensive gift.
Le dije a mi esposa "esto termina ahora". La llamamos para charlar con ella. Mi esposa expuso nuestras preocupaciones. Padres, es muy importante que participen activamente en la vida de sus hijos. A veces, el proceso es doloroso. Proteja a sus hijos de los novio a s acosadores. Si no se siente bien, probablemente no lo es. We summoned her for a chat. Expecting the worst, I prepared for screams and uncontrollable crying. My wife presented her with our concerns. Surprisingly, Karen listened quietly and her eyes began to well with tears. Instead of hysterics, Karen reacted with relief.
She revealed how controlling this boy was, never letting her talk with her friends. He was pressing her to have sex and threatening to break up if she refused. I immediately outlined a plan for ending the relationship. She was frightened but agreed to follow through.
She met with the boy, returned the gift, told him it was over and walked away. Returning to school was tense for several days. He made nasty comments about Karen to classmates. He had the sense to move on. Imagine if my wife and I had not been active parents. Sometimes the process is painful. The fragility of adolescence and the natural desire to enter into a mature relationship might have carried Karen into danger.
Protect your child against dating bullies. Se aceptan consulta sin cita previa. Cerca de Sea Pines Circle Lunes a viernes 8: En el , los latinos llenaron el 60 por ciento de los 2. Se espera que su poder adquisitivo colectivo aumente un 50 por ciento en el Las encuestas nacionales de vivienda demuestran For example, the automotive industry is beginning to show real signs of recovery due in no small part to demand for new cars including luxury autos by Hispanic consumers.
According to a recent Nielsen study, in some parts of the country over a quarter of auto buyers looking at luxury cars in were Hispanic. The real estate market is also showing signs of new life and, according to the National Association of Hispanic Real Estate Professionals NAHREP Hispanics will be the powerhouse behind the housing market recovery and are poised to take center stage in a new era of homeownership.
In Latinos filled 60 percent of the 2. Their collective purchasing power is expected to increase 50 percent by In addition to population growth, labor trends, mobility, birthrate and median age, the strongest indicator for Hispanics as the next mega force of first-time homebuyers is desire. This includes access to affordable but safe mortgage products as well as low-priced bank owned properties that meet financing standards. In South Carolina real estate professionals are already seeing an increase in activity and have a variety of options and tools to accommodate first time buyers.
Nereida specializes in short sales and banked owned. Learn more by visiting http: En la frente a Mi Tierra Horarios y pagos flexibles.